Plant Watering System ESP32 with PCB & OTA updates

ESP32-based Plant Watering and Monitoring System with OTA, MQTT, Custom PCB, and AC Power Support Project Overview: This project focuses on creating a robust, smart plant watering and monitoring system using a custom-designed PCB and powered by an ESP32 microcontroller. Designed for convenience, the system will plug directly into an AC power socket, making it suitable for continuous indoor or outdoor use. Additional functionalities include automated plant watering, real-time monitoring of TDS, pH, and temperature, OTA updates, and MQTT-based remote monitoring and control. Objectives: 1. Automate Plant Watering: Control watering intervals with remote manual override. 2. Monitor Environmental Parameters: Continuously monitor Water TDS, pH, and temperature. 3. Remote Communication: Enable control via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and MQTT. 4. OTA Firmware Updates: Support over-the-air firmware updates. 5. Custom PCB Design: Integrate components into a single, compact PCB. 6. AC Power Support: Design for direct plug-in to a standard AC power socket. Functional Requirements: 1. Watering System Control - Automatic Watering: Activate watering (basically a submersible pump) on a set schedule (customizable). - Manual Override: Control watering via web, Bluetooth, or MQTT. 2. Parameter Monitoring - TDS, pH, and Temperature: Capture and send real-time data. 3. Communication Interfaces - Wi-Fi and Bluetooth: Support for configuration and control. - MQTT Integration: Log sensor data and allow for remote settings. 4. OTA Firmware Updates - Firmware Over-the-Air: Seamlessly update firmware over Wi-Fi. 5. Custom PCB Design - Component Integration: Combine ESP32, sensors, relay driver, and power regulator onto a PCB. - AC to DC Power Conversion: Design an onboard AC-DC converter to supply the necessary DC power from an AC socket. - Safety and Isolation: Use isolation and protection circuits to separate high-voltage AC components from low-voltage control elements. - Connector Ports: Add headers for sensors and relay outputs. 6. User Interface - Web Interface: Control settings and view sensor data. - Bluetooth Interface: Manage configuration without Wi-Fi. Non-Functional Requirements: 1. Reliability: Ensure stable power from AC and secure connections on the PCB. 2. Safety: Proper insulation and isolation for the AC power circuit. 3. Scalability: Support additional sensors or components as needed. 4. Power Efficiency: Maintain low power consumption when idle. Technical Specifications: 1. Hardware Components: - ESP32-WROOM Module: Microcontroller for system logic and communication. - Relay Driver Circuit**: Control water pump with AC relay. - Voltage Regulation**: Onboard AC-DC converter to supply 5V/3.3V from an AC socket. - Sensors**: Connectors for TDS, pH, and temperature sensors. - Capacitors and Filters**: Stabilize DC voltage and minimize interference. 2. Software Components: - Libraries for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, MQTT, OTA, and sensor communication. 3. PCB Design Software: - EagleCAD or KiCad for precise layout with safety-focused AC and DC areas. User Stories: 1. As a user, I want to monitor TDS, pH, and temperature remotely and configure the watering interval via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. 2. As a user, I want to update the firmware without physical access. 3. As an installer, I want the system to plug directly into a standard AC socket for easy installation. --- System Workflow: 1. Startup and Initialization: ESP32 connects to Wi-Fi/MQTT, initializes sensors, and checks for OTA updates. 2. Monitoring and Data Logging: Reads sensor data at set intervals, publishing it to MQTT for remote access. 3. Automatic and Manual Watering: Activates the pump on a set interval or via manual control. 4. Remote Access and Configuration**: Access control settings and real-time data via web, Bluetooth, or MQTT. 5. OTA Updates: Perform firmware update over Wi-Fi, when available. 6. AC Power Management: AC-to-DC conversion for stable power and protection on the PCB. --- Risks and Constraints: 1. Electrical Safety: Proper design and testing to ensure safe AC power handling. 2. PCB Layout Challenges: Precise layout for isolating AC and DC circuits on a small PCB. 3. Moisture Protection: Waterproofing the board, particularly for outdoor or humid environments.