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Review
. 2017 Jul 5;1(3):272-295.
doi: 10.7150/ntno.20301. eCollection 2017.

Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection

Suresh Neethirajan  1 , Syed Rahin Ahmed  1 , Rohit Chand  1 , John Buozis  1 , Éva Nagy  2
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection

Suresh Neethirajan et al. Nanotheranostics. .

Abstract

Outbreaks of foodborne diseases related to fresh produce have been increasing in North America and Europe. Viral foodborne pathogens are poorly understood, suffering from insufficient awareness and surveillance due to the limits on knowledge, availability, and costs of related technologies and devices. Current foodborne viruses are emphasized and newly emerging foodborne viruses are beginning to attract interest. To face current challenges regarding foodborne pathogens, a point-of-care (POC) concept has been introduced to food testing technology and device. POC device development involves technologies such as microfluidics, nanomaterials, biosensors and other advanced techniques. These advanced technologies, together with the challenges in developing foodborne virus detection assays and devices, are described and analysed in this critical review. Advanced technologies provide a path forward for foodborne virus detection, but more research and development will be needed to provide the level of manufacturing capacity required.

Keywords: Foodborne virus; biosensor; microfluidics; nanomaterials; point-of-care..

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
POC paper device . The paper test strip is immersed in the urine sample for a few seconds and after a few minutes; the colour resulting from the reaction can be visually compared against the chromatic scale provided.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cell phone based POC technology . (A) Holomic Rapid Diagnostic Reader (HRDR-200) used in lateral flow assay (LFA). (B): (a) Electrochemical sensor based on cell phone technology; The microfluidic chip is marked by the arrow. (b) SIM Card from a mobile phone compared with a microfluidic chip. (c) Diagram of a microfluidic chip showing components after dye filling for better visualization.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of microfluidic POC Technology . Schematic representation of a lateral flow strip is shown. A liquid sample is deposited on to the sample pad, migrating through a conjugate pad and a porous membrane for detection in a final absorbent pad. In most strip tests, the appearance of the control line indicates a valid test, while the appearance of a second test line indicates a positive test result.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic depictions of solution based plasmonic detection methods . A) Colorimetry of directly aggregated nanoparticles upon successful RNA amplification; and B) colorimetry of indirectly aggregated nanoparticles after the interaction with influenza virus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic diagram of a biosensor . Its bioreceptor recognizes target analytes. The transducer converts biological responses into equivalent electrical signals. Amplifier amplifies the low generated signal into a large output signal that contains essential waveform features.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Four steps needed for the electrochemical biosensing of viral pathogens . A) Virus elements targeted; B) electrode (sensor) being modified by biorecognition element; C) itargets are isolated; and D) detection of signal or detection of signal after amplification.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The basic structure of an antibody, and antigen-antibody lock and key fit . The antigen binding site of antibody binds specifically with complementary target antigen.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Application of aptamers in biosensing technologies for the food analysis .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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