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Clinical Trial
. 2012 Apr;142(4):717-23.
doi: 10.3945/jn.111.152975. Epub 2012 Feb 22.

Resistant starch from high-amylose maize increases insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men

Kevin C Maki  1 , Christine L Pelkman, E Terry Finocchiaro, Kathleen M Kelley, Andrea L Lawless, Arianne L Schild, Tia M Rains
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Resistant starch from high-amylose maize increases insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men

Kevin C Maki et al. J Nutr. 2012 Apr.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of intake of high-amylose maize type 2 resistant starch (HAM-RS2) on insulin sensitivity (S(I)) in participants with waist circumference ≥89 (women) or ≥102 cm (men). Participants received 0 (control starch), 15, or 30 g/d (double-blind) of HAM-RS2 in random order for 4-wk periods separated by 3-wk washouts. Minimal model S(I) was assessed at the end of each period using the insulin-modified i.v. glucose tolerance test. The efficacy evaluable sample included 11 men and 22 women (mean ± SEM) age 49.5 ± 1.6 y, with a BMI of 30.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2 and waist circumference 105.3 ± 1.3 cm. A treatment main effect (P = 0.018) and a treatment × sex interaction (P = 0.033) were present. In men, least squares geometric mean analysis for S(I) did not differ after intake of 15 g/d HAM-RS2 (6.90 × 10⁻⁵ pmol⁻¹ · L⁻¹ × min⁻¹) and 30 g/d HAM-RS2 (7.13 × 10⁻⁵ pmol⁻¹ · L⁻¹ × min⁻¹), but both were higher than after the control treatment (4.66 × 10⁻⁵ pmol⁻¹ · L⁻¹ × min⁻¹) (P < 0.05). In women, there was no difference among the treatments (overall least squares ln-transformed mean ± pooled SEM = 1.80 ± 0.08; geometric mean = 6.05 × 10⁻⁵ pmol⁻¹ · L⁻¹ × min⁻¹). These results suggest that consumption of 15-30 g/d of HAM-RS2 improves S(I) in men. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms that might account for the treatment × sex interaction observed.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01058135.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author disclosures: K. C. Maki, K. M. Kelley, A. L. Lawless, A. L. Schild, and T. M. Rains are employees of Provident Clinical Research, which has received research grant support from National Starch, LLC, the producer of the product studied. C. L. Pelkman and E. T. Finocchiaro are employees of National Starch, LLC, the producer of the product studied.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
SI following 4-wk feeding periods for control (0 g/d HAM-RS2), 15 g/d HAM-RS2, and 30 g/d HAM-RS2 in men (n = 11) and women (n = 22). Bars represent least squares geometric means and error bars extend to the value of the loge least squares mean + 1 SEM, back transformed to the original units. Labeled means without a common letter differ, P < 0.05. Least squares mean and SEM values for loge SI were generated from repeated-measures ANOVA models containing terms for participant as a random variable, treatment condition, treatment sequence, and HOMA%S. HAM-RS2, high-amylose maize type 2 resistant starch; HOMA%S, homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity; SI, insulin sensitivity.
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