In this Review, Brown et al. provide an overview of fungal pathobiology from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections.

This Review explores recent insights into the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of Enterococcus faecium, and highlight potential novel preventative and therapeutic approaches to its infections.

In this Review, Domenech de Cellès and Rohani explore the contemporary epidemiology of pertussis and discuss the controversies surrounding the mechanisms responsible for the re-emergence of pertussis, including the effectiveness and duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity.

This study describes the discovery of a previously uncharacterized phylogenetically distinct group of viroid-like human microbiome-associated RNAs.

This new study shows that the leading region of plasmids has a key role in overcoming host immunity by functioning as ‘anti-defence islands’ that protect the invading plasmid following entry.

This Genome Watch explores recent transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic analyses that revealed the key role of secondary endosymbionts in host immunity and disease transmission within their insect or plant hosts.

In this study, Lu et al. identify the gut symbiont Tomasiella immunophila as a contributor to the degradation of murine secretory immunoglobulin A, with effects on mucosal immunity.

The recent re-emergence of Oropouche virus in Central and South America and the Caribbean poses a public health threat and highlights the need for improved surveillance and control measures.

An increasing number of countries in Africa are reporting cases of mpox, prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency of international concern.