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A phenomenon called 'autosomal random monoallelic expression' (aRMAE) may explain phenotypic variability of clinical disease in carriers of mutations that cause inborn errors of immunity.
A study in Cell shows that gasdermin D pores can be transferred from cell to cell via extracellular vesicles and induce pyroptotic cell death in bystander cells.
Stress-induced gut leakage and immune activation lead to the release of IL-22, which acts directly on septal neurons in the brain to dampen their activation and protect against anxiety behaviour.
Yan et al. report the identification of a population of muscle spindle macrophages, which regulate the muscle stretch reflex through glutamate production.
A preprint by Chung et al. presents a framework for the use of transcriptomic and epigenomic data to identify novel transcription factors driving CD8+ T cell states.
Endogenous self-peptides derived from CNS antigens are presented on MHC class II molecules at the borders of the CNS and expand suppressive populations of CD4+ T cells.
Sialylated IgG protects against severe influenza by inducing the transcriptional repressor REST, which dampens the inflammatory response and preserves lung tissue function.
A preprint by Villar-Vesga et al. shows that monocyte-derived cells in the central nervous system produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to promote neuroinflammation.
A preprint by Hor et al. shows that PD1 signalling regulates the maintenance of a high-affinity, stem-like T cell subset in tumour-draining lymph nodes.
Inflammation and fibrosis are linked to organ dysfunction. Two studies in Nature investigate the cross-talk between immune cells and fibroblasts in the context of heart disease and identify potential targets for therapy.
Increased intratumoral acidity associated with a high-fat diet accelarates tumour growth through the acid-sensing receptor GPR65 on tumour-associated macrophages.
Two studies in Cell Stem Cell and Nature use single-cell transcriptomics of human fetal tissue to investigate the roles of tissue-resident macrophages in prenatal pancreas and skin development.
Febrile temperatures disrupt metabolism and induce DNA damage disproportionately in T helper 1 cell subsets. Cells that survive apoptosis and adapt by increasing their mitochondrial mass and DNA damage responses gain enhanced effector functions.
CD8+ T cells are functionally impaired during chronic HBV infection. Recent findings from preclinical models and studies of chronically infected humans have revealed surprising insights into the nature of the T cell dysfunction, which may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
