Ble scanner androiddela

Aplikacija je narejena, potrebna je implementacija Google pay sistema

Iščem freelancerja za izdelavo bolj kot ne preproste APP za android in potem s sprotnim vzdrževanjem/nadgrajevanjem glede na nadgradjne android OS.. Imam že sourrce, a je žal zastarel in ga android ne mara več ?.

Iščemo osebo za izdelavo mobilne aplikacije za iOS in Android. Dizajn je že narejen v Adobe XD. Hvala.

Potreboval bi Android/iOS aplikacijo. Temeljila bi na analizi uporabnikovih slik zajetih s selfie kamero in analizi parametrov na sliki. Algoritem za analizo slike imam že pripravljen v programu Matlab. Načrt aplikacije z wireframe-om lahko v celoti pripravim sam, tako, da bi bila naloga programerja prepis vsega v programsko kodo.

Robert zdravo. S kolegom razvijava mobilno aplikacijo in bi potrebovala frontend designerja. Backend programiranje je že skoraj pripravljeno. Je zelo preprosta aplikacija za IOS in Android. Bi vas zanimalo sodelovanje? . Hvala za odgovor. LP S

Alen zdravo. S kolegom razvijava mobilno aplikacijo in bi potrebovala frontend designerja. Backend programiranje je že skoraj pripravljeno. Je zelo preprosta aplikacija za IOS in Android. Bi vas zanimalo sodelovanje? Nastavljen budget spodaj ni merodajen. Hvala za odgovor. LP S

Iščem nekoga, ki bi mi naredil preprosto android/iOS aplikacij za spletno stran . V bistvu gre samo za zaslonske menije povezane med seboj. Na koncu pa stran z linki do učnih listov na internetu. Dodatne informacije : @

Potrebujem aplikacijo za tablico in telefon, na sistemu android. Gre se za program, kateri se uporablja pri odkupu lesa. Glavni del je kubiciranje hlodovine ( po znani formuli), ustavarjanje novih dokumentov, dodajanje različnih strank.. in na koncu možnost tiskanja in izpisa v pdf-ju... več informacij kasneje...

imamo že narejeno aplikacijo v starejši verziji androida. ker ne dela več vse, jo je potrebno popraviti

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

...1 mesec  Poln (8 urni) delavnik  Delo za nedoločen čas Kaj podjetje pričakuje od kandidatov  Zaželjena/zahtevana VI stopnja izobrazbe  Zahtevamo vsaj 5 let delovnih izkušenj  Prednost bodo imeli kandidati z delovnimi izkušnjami na podobnih delovnih mestih/področjih  Znanje računalniških programov PHP, MySQL, JAVA  Znanje tujih jezikov: Italijanščina in Angleščina   Zaželjeno znanje Android-a  Samostojnost  Natančnost  Izkušnje z vodenjem projektov  Izkušnje z delom v skupini - Kaj podjetje kandidatu/om ponuja  Stimulativno plačilo  Možnost dodatnih izobraževanj (doma in v tujini)  Nagrajevanje uspešnosti  Delo v mladem in inovativnem okolju,  Urejeno delovno okolje v prestižni stavbi  M...

I'm seeking a proficient mobile app developer to create a cross-platform (iOS and Android) eCommerce application. The app should embody a classic and elegant design, appealing to users who appreciate timeless aesthetics. Key Features: - A user-friendly shopping cart that facilitates seamless product selection and purchase. - Reliable and secure payment gateway integration, ensuring smooth transactions. - An interactive section for user reviews and ratings, promoting community engagement and trust. Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience in developing eCommerce applications. - Proficiency in both iOS and Android development. - Strong understanding of classic and elegant design principles. - Expertise in integrating shopping carts and payment gateways. - Ability to create ...

I need an app designed for managing our dairy business, primarily focused on customer management with specific features for farmers. Key Features: - Customer Management: The app should streamlin...and dairy products, and automated restock notifications. Ideal Skills: - App Development: Proficiency in creating user-friendly and efficient mobile applications. - UI/UX Design: Skills in designing intuitive interfaces for both retailers and farmers. - Backend Development: Experience in creating robust systems to handle a large volume of transactions and data. The app should be developed for Android. The app should support multiple languages to cater to a diverse user base. Please include sales analytics features for detailed insights and trends. Exclude payment processing features fro...

I'm looking for a professional who can help me deploy my flutter app to the Play Store. - The app is ready with all the necessary assets and resources, so there's no degree of uncertainty. - I'm managing the preparation of app assets and resources by myself. - created developer accounts on Play Store is required too Ideal skills for this job would include: - Expertise in app deployment - Experience with Play Store submission - Knowledge of app store guidelines to ensure the app gets approved - Good communication skills for updates and queries Accnt must be old enough in order to bypass the testing period of fourteen days

I'm looking for a skilled web tester to check my website's responsiveness across various devices and operating systems. The goal is to identify potential issues and improve site performance. Requirements: - Test on Smartphones, Tablets, and Desktops/Laptops - Use iOS, Android, and Windows operating systems - Special focus on layout issues, interactivity problems, and loading times - Check for touchscreen responsiveness on mobile and tablet devices Key Skills: - Web testing and diagnostics - Understanding of web responsiveness principles - Experience with various devices and operating systems The ideal freelancer for this job should be able to provide a comprehensive report detailing the issues found and suggestions for improvement. The comprehensive report should inclu...

I need a Kotlin developer to build an Android app that redirects all incoming calls to MillisAI using WebRTC. Requirements: • Automatically forward calls to MillisAI. • Use WebRTC for the connection. • I can root the device if needed or use an older phone. Example interface This options need: - need have option to test agent - need to have option to save settings - need to have call history. Video insctuctions :

Need to create a very basic android app With frontend and backend connectivity Need to deliver quickly

- Sistema de Rugby Pro - Actualización del sistema - Estructura del código (Cambios faltantes) - APK Android y IOS

I'm looking for an experienced mobile app developer to create a productivity app with a focus on user-friendly design and smooth functionality. The app needs to be developed for both iOS and Android platforms. Key Requirements: - Prior experience in developing productivity mobile applications - Expertise in cross-platform app development - Strong understanding of UX/UI design principles - Ability to deliver a high-quality, bug-free product Please include examples of previous work in your bid.

...proficient web developer to create a top-notch, high-performing e-commerce website and mobile applications for both Android and iOS. The website should be similar to Blinkit or Zepto, focusing on a comprehensive range of grocery items targeted towards both B2B and B2C customers. Key Project Components: - The website must incorporate shopping cart and checkout functionalities. - The mobile apps should be developed for both Android and iOS platforms. - The site needs to have different access levels for various user roles, including Administrators and Customer Support. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience in developing e-commerce websites - Proficiency in creating Android and iOS mobile applications - Ability to implement user account management syste...

I'm looking for a talented developer to replace the default home screen on my device with my app. - Ensure the Application replaces the home screen effectively Ideal Skills: - Proficient in Android app development - Extensive experience with launcher app creation - Firmware Level Development

I need a robust app for the cosmetics industry that facilitates seamless communication between patients and doctors. This app aims to store a comprehensive history of the patient's cosmetic procedures, including past injections and...history, previous procedures, and medications used. 3. An innovative 3D face module allowing doctors to visualize injection sites and materials used. 4. A personalized folder per patient, housing all their pictures and procedural history. 5. Multilingual support in English, Russian, and Armenian. 6. Initial deployment in Armenia. Ideal candidates for this project are proficient in both iOS and Android app development, with a proven track record in creating healthcare-related applications. Prior experience with 3D modeling in apps will be a signifi...

The purpose of this mobile app will be for my customers to track their progress using our healt...another assessment on a weekly/bi-weekly basis * Dashboard showing past results of their assessments as well as view their previous answers * Dashboard with a graph of their history of assessment scores (with tooltips show their score results in each point that's plotted) * Admin dashboard where I can view user's results, their graphs, and send direct messages to an inbox to chat * Blog * iOS and Android compatible (mobile and tablet) * No jank, fluid movement and display * Beautiful, clinical appearance and friendly design The entire purpose of this app is for users to track their progress towards health goals. This is a relatively simple application and should have a f...

Testing android application for saloon Mangament

...linked to the event. - q&a are importable by all and exportable by all - q&a should have options to show or hide who asked the question. Show admin, hide to public, show all 3. Technical Requirements 3.1 Platform Architecture • Cloud-based solution (AWS, Azure, or similar). • Mobile Responsive Web Application (accessible on desktop, tablet, and mobile). • Optional Native Mobile App (for iOS & Android) – if feasible. 3.2 Security & Compliance • Data Encryption for sensitive information. • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for restricting access. • Audit Trails & Logs to track bid activity. • Compliance with GDPR & other relevant procurement regulations. 3.3 Integration Capabilities • Email & Noti...

...application for both iOS and Android platforms. The app will feature a robust payment system and utilize a vast dataset of 30,000 PDFs for model training. The primary function of the app is to provide precise repair advice to users. Responsibilities Design and develop a mobile application for iOS and Android platforms, ensuring seamless integration of a payment system. Utilize a dataset of 30,000 PDFs to train models that deliver accurate repair advice. Collaborate with cross-functional teams to ensure the app meets user needs and industry standards. Conduct thorough testing to ensure app functionality and reliability. Implement user-friendly interfaces and ensure a smooth user experience. Required Skills Proven experience in mobile app development for iOS and Android...

I'm seeking a React Native and Expo expert to help fix some bugs and deploy my app across both iOS and Android platforms. Key Requirements: - Expert knowledge in React Native and Expo - Experience with cross-platform deployment - Ability to identify and fix performance issues - Troubleshooting skills for deployment-related problems I have access to all necessary credentials and accounts for deployment. The app is experiencing slow loading times on both iOS and Android platforms. The app is currently in development and is not yet released.

I need a web app and Android mobile app for crypto arbitrage to provide users with the best arbitrage opportunities among over 20 cryptocurrency platforms. For instance, you can refer to the “Arbithunt” Android app to understand the proper requirements. Key Features: - Real-time price alerts for identifying price differences quickly. - Integration with cryptocurrency exchanges including Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, and others. - Compatibility with web browsers and Android devices. Ideal Developer: - Strong experience in developing web and Android applications. - Proficiency in incorporating third-party APIs from major cryptocurrency exchanges. - Skillset focused on real-time data processing and alert systems implementation. - Prior experience in cryp...

I'm looking for a skilled full stack Android developer to help me build a comprehensive travel application. The app will include an itinerary planner, a booking system, and travel guides. Key functionalities: - Itinerary planner: The app should allow users to plan their trips step by step, keeping track of their schedules. - Booking system: Integration of a seamless booking system for flights, hotels, and other travel necessities is a must. - Travel guides: The app should provide users with essential travel tips and guides. - Currency Converter: Include a feature for real-time currency conversion to help users manage their expenses. - Offline Access: Allow users to access their itineraries and downloaded guides offline. - Language Translator: Incorporate a language translatio...

I'm in need of a seasoned mobile app developer who can create a report generating app for Android. The app should be customer-friendly and able to generate detailed reports based on user input or predefined parameters. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: - Proficient in Android app development - Experience with creating report generating software - Strong understanding of user experience design - Ability to deliver high quality work within set deadlines. Please provide examples of your previous work in your proposal.

I'm looking for an experienced Android native developer to help me set up and run the Delta Chat project locally on my machine. You can find the project at - Tasks: Your primary responsibility will be to get the project up and running on my local environment. - Resources: I have all the necessary dependencies and environment setup instructions ready for use. - Documentation: I will only require a basic guide on how to run the project. Ideal candidates should have a strong background in Android development and be familiar with working on open-source projects. Experience with Delta Chat or similar projects would be a plus.

I'm looking for a skilled app developer who can create an Android mobile app that allows users to trade colors with one another. Key Features: - User-to-user color trading: The app should facilitate a platform where users can buy, sell, and trade colors. - Android compatibility: The app will be exclusively for Android, so a deep understanding of this OS is crucial. - Engaging UI: Given the nature of the app, a colorful, user-friendly interface is a must. Ideal Skills: - Android app development - UI/UX design - Experience with trading platforms If you are passionate about color and trading, and have the necessary skills, I would love to hear from you.

I am looking for Merchant Screen, Driver Screen and User Screen. I will need each in both iphone and android. The user screen for iphone is already complete, the screens just need to connect as we spoke about.

I'm in need of a skilled Android Studio freelancer to help with some updates and error fixes for my games. My games is Animal Connect Legend, Tile connect legend and tile connect travel. Animal Connect Legend: - target sdk to latest - rate game dialog: first level and then 3 5 7 9 to 11. when click back button to exit the game. Tile Connect Legend: - target sdk to latest - rate game dialog: first level and then 3 5 7 9 to 11. when click the back button to exit the game - remove country and sparkela lock. rearrange the country list as in the tile connect travel game. Tile Connect Travel: - Target sdk to latest - rate game dialog: first level and then 3 5 7 9 to 11. when click the back button to exit the game - fix bug when we complete and win a level it return to the country...

I'm looking for an Android developer to create a simple app with three static pages. The project shouldn't take more than an hour. Page 1: - Contains a TextView and two buttons. - One button shares a link and the other redirects to a website. Page 2: - Features a Card View and a button that links to a website. Page 3: - Comprises a TextView and a form with three fields: an image upload and two input text fields. - The form has a submit button, which sends the data and uploaded images to my email. The input fields on Page 3 are meant for collecting order details. Ideal skills and experience for this job: - Proficiency in Android app development - Experience with creating UI elements like TextViews, Buttons, and Card Views - Knowledge of integrating external lin...

I'm looking for a seasoned mobile app developer to create a cross-platform (iOS and Android) mobile application. This app's primary purpose is to receive input from a sensor via RF and display this data on the phone. Also, read user input and access websites to display results. Key requirements: - Proficiency in mobile app development for both iOS and Android. - Experience with RF data transmission. - Ability to create a user-friendly interface for displaying sensor data. This project is perfect for someone who has a strong background in mobile app development and a keen interest in working with sensor data. Your expertise will greatly help in making this app functional, intuitive, and engaging.

I need a skilled app developer to create a grocery and food delivery app for both iOS and Android. The app needs to include: - Order tracking: Users should be able to keep track of their orders in real-time. - Payment Gateway Integration: A secure and efficient payment system is crucial for this app. - User Profile Management: Allow users to create and manage their profiles. - Push Notifications: Send real-time updates about order status and promotions to users. - In-app Chat: Enable users to communicate with delivery personnel and customer support within the app. - Review System: Allow users to rate and review their experience with the service and specific products. - Loyalty Programs: Introduce rewards and loyalty programs to incentivize repeat customers. - Delivery Scheduling: ...

I'm looking for a skilled mobile app developer to create a ticket booking app for events like movies and concerts. The app should be available on both iOS and Android platforms. Reference: bookmyshow app Key Features: - Ticket Purchasing: Integrate a seamless and secure ticket purchasing system within the app. - Event Information Display: The app should provide comprehensive information on various events. - User Reviews and Ratings: Incorporate a section for user-generated reviews and ratings to enhance interactivity and user engagement. - Seat Selection: Allow users to select their seats when booking tickets. - Push Notifications: Send reminders and updates about scheduled events and new ticket releases. - Social Media Integration: Allow users to share event details and bo...

...feedback and rate their experiences. - Loyalty Program: Implement a rewards system to encourage repeat bookings. - Appointment Reminders: Send notifications and reminders for upcoming appointments. - Service Packages: Offer package deals for multiple services. - Stylist Portfolio: Enable stylists to showcase their work through photo galleries. Platforms: The app should be developed for both iOS and Android. Design: The app should embody a colorful and vibrant aesthetic. Login/Signup: Users should be able to register and log in via their social media accounts (Facebook and Google). Budget: $1,200 USD (₦1,000,000) Payment Terms: - 25% upfront - 25% after MVP - 25% after testing - 25% after launch Interested candidates, please provide: 1. Your experience with similar projec...

...will extract the info automatically. But I’m also open to self-coded approaches if you already have something you can reuse/repurpose to fit this MVP. I imagine something like this data is needed for in the event table: - Creation date - Type - Date and Time - Title - Description - Location - Price - Image (optional) - Source URL (website/doc/PDF) - Active (true/false) --- The app --- Simple Android/iOS app with no user auth, no IAPs etc. which: 1.0) Shows the data from the table in a list view, chronologically. The user can swipe up to see the expired events in grey or swipe down to see more future events. Tapping an event opens its external web URL from where it was scraped 1.1) Has a "Report" button by each event which simply opens the device’s ema...

I'm in need of a talented UI designer who can create a functional, user-friendly interface for a Flutter-based educational Android app. The app, aimed at enhancing student learning for teenagers (ages 13-18), will consist of 10 pages. Key Functions: - Interactive quizzes: The app will feature a variety of engaging, educational quizzes. - Progress tracking: It should allow users to monitor their learning journey. Ideal Skills: - Proficient in Flutter and Android app design. - Experience with UI design for educational apps. - Understanding of the needs and preferences of teenagers. - Ability to design for interactivity and engagement. Please provide examples of similar projects you have worked on. Your bid should reflect your ability to meet these requirements and del...

I'm seeking an expert in electronics and IoT to design a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) moisture sensor and temperature of soils for agricultural use. This project involves developing a basic precision sensor that can measure soil moisture levels and pH. Key Requirements: - The sensor must be able to collect data on soil moisture levels and soil pH. - Design should ensure the sensor is suitable for use in agriculture. - Basic precision is sufficient for this project. Ideal Skills: - Expertise in designing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices. - Experience in creating sensors for agricultural applications. - Knowledge of soil pH measurement techniques. Please provide examples of similar projects you've worked on in your proposal. The sensor should support medium-range...

I'm looking for an experienced Kotlin developer to create a navigation app for Android Auto. The app should: - Use Google Maps as its primary map service - Include voice-guided navigation - Support Points of Interest (POI) search - Have a signup page, login page (backend already created) - Will be a tab based interface Real-time traffic updates are not required for this project, but the ability to navigate around traffic would be a plus. The ideal candidate will have extensive experience in Kotlin, Android Auto development, and working with Google Maps API. Please provide examples of similar projects you have completed.

I need help with downloading and installing a specific software on my Android smartphone. The type of software is a security app, but I'm not certain if it's available on the Google Play Store. Ideal skills and experience for the job: - Proficient with Android smartphones - Experienced in software installation - Knowledgeable about security apps - Able to troubleshoot download issues - Familiar with alternative sources for software I need someone who can assist with both downloading from the Google Play Store and installation of the software. Good morning I need the following: 1) Analyze which is the best SW, its functionalities and what is undetectable: 2) How can