Creating rock formation and geological maps in GIS format involves several steps, from data collection to the creation of GIS-compatible files like Shapefiles and GeoTIFFs.
Existing Data Sources or Gather existing geological maps, satellite imagery, and other relevant data from geological surveys, academic publications, and government agencies.
Utilize satellite imagery and aerial photography to identify and map rock formations.
Use LiDAR data to obtain detailed topographic information.
Data Preparation by Digitization, Data Cleaning.
Define Data Structure: - Determine the necessary attributes for rock formations (e.g., rock type, age, structural features).
Use software like QGIS or ArcGIS for data entry and management.
Map Creation:- 1. Shapefiles:-
Create vector layers for different geological features (e.g., rock formations, fault lines).
Attribute data such as rock type, formation age, and other relevant geological information.
Use tools in QGIS or ArcGIS to draw polygons, lines, and points representing geological features.
2. GeoTIFFs: -
Create raster layers representing geological information.
Use remote sensing data and field measurements to generate raster images.
Georeference and align raster layers with the vector layers for consistency.