Electronic mini projects for engineering students仕事

I am seeking a professional soft skills and aptitude trainer based in Chennai to conduct in-person sessions for college students. The trainer should ideally possess: - Expertise in both soft skills and aptitude training - Experience working with college students - Excellent in-person training capabilities Looking forward to your bids. The training will be a multi-day program.

...an efficient platform for managing attendance for students and teachers in an educational institution. The application will be built using the MERN stack (MongoDB, , React.js, Node.js). It will support three types of users: Student, Teacher, and Admin, each with specific roles and permissions. The system will enable users to register, mark attendance, track attendance history, and allow admins to manage users. User Roles & Permissions 1. Student 2. Forgot Password: Students can reset their password through an email recovery link. ● Registration & Login: Students will be able to register and log in to the system. ● Mark Attendance: Students can mark their attendance by taking a selfie and having their attendance timestamp recorded. ● Atte...

? Hello! I’m Haris, a dedicated and creative graphic designer with a strong passion for delivering designs that captivate audiences and elevate brands. With years of experience in the field, I specialize in creating: Social media posts that engage and inspire Flyers and brochures tailored for impactful marketing Static ads that grab attention and drive results Real estate designs crafted to showcase properties beautifully ? My Approach: I believe in merging creativity with purpose. Every design I create is strategically crafted to resonate with your target audience, ensuring your message stands out in today’s competitive market. I take pride in understanding your unique needs and translating them into visuals that leave a lasting impression. ? Expanding Horizons...

I'm looking for a developer to integrate a built-in server VPN into the Telegram mini app. This should cover countries like the USA, Norway, UK, Switzerland, and Ireland. Additionally, I want YouTube ads to be shown on this version of the Telegram mini app. Key requirements include: - Implementing VPN services accessible on both iOS and Android platforms - Ensuring advanced user access for the VPN, providing full access with custom settings - Integrating YouTube ads within the app Ideal skills for the job: - Proficiency in app development for both iOS and Android - Experience with VPN integration into applications - Familiarity with YouTube ad integration - Knowledge of developing custom settings for advanced user access Please no...

...website should include interactive elements that move or respond to user actions. This will add an engaging experience for users. - Game-Like Navigation: The front-end design needs to be built using JavaScript with Phaser for smooth animations and transitions. - Mini-Games: The site should incorporate mini-games as part of its interactive elements. - Dynamic User Interface Components: The website should have a responsive and intuitive user interface. - Chatbot Integration: A chatbot needs to be integrated into the site to facilitate user communication. Skills & Experience Required: - Expertise in JavaScript frameworks, particularly Phaser. - Strong front-end development skills for creating interactive web applications. - A creative mindset with a ...

I'm seeking a professional with strong electrical engineering skills, specifically in power systems. Your expertise will be crucial for designing and implementing solutions within this field. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive knowledge in power systems - Circuit design experience (if possible) - Strong problem-solving abilities - Excellent communication skills - Relevant degree or equivalent experience in electrical engineering

Requirement Document for Maths Educational Game Developed in Unity Project Overview Project Name: GCSE Maths Adventure Objective: Create an engaging, gamified educational game for Maths students that reinforces math concepts through interactive quizzes, puzzles, and challenges. The game will leverage gamification techniques to improve learning outcomes, motivate students, and make exam preparation enjoyable. Target Audience: students aged 14-16. Functional Requirements 1. Core Features 1. Interactive Quizzes: • Multiple-choice and problem-solving questions based on the Maths syllabus • Dynamic difficulty adjustment based on player performance. • Instant feedback on answers with explanations. 2. Gamification Elements: • Points Sy...

I'm seeking an experienced developer to create a user-friendly Android mobile app for my mini market. This app will facilitate a streamlined order process to my suppliers. The app should feature: - Order Submission: The primary functionality of the app is to allow me to create and submit order forms to my suppliers. - Backend System: A web-based backend where I can add grocery items, complete with pictures. This backend should be user-friendly enough for me to manage without a technical background. - Supplier Management: Items should be categorized by supplier name for easy organization. - User Control: I require full control over the backend system, allowing me to add, edit, and manage all grocery items. If you have a portfolio demonstrating similar work...

I'm looking for a freelancer who can design and create a comprehensive student handbook in PDF format for my company. The handbook should incorporate: - Company policies - Academic guidelines - Contact information - Code of Conduct: A clear outline of the expected behavior and disciplinary procedures for students. - Study Tips: Strategies and resources for effective studying and time management. The ideal candidate should have a good understanding of corporate policy documentation, educational guidelines, and contact directory formation. Prior experience in creating company handbooks or academic guides will be highly beneficial. In terms of design, the handbook needs to reflect our corporate identity, so you will need to incorporate our company lo...

I'm seeking interns specializing in CAD design, robotics programming, and mechanical systems analysis for a space technology project currently in the conceptual design phase. The primary focus of the interns' work will be design and brainstorming. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in CAD design and modeling - Experience in robotics programming - Strong mechanical systems analysis capabilities Interns will be heavily involved in the design and brainstorming processes. This is a unique opportunity to contribute to an innovative project at the intersection of space technology and mechanical engineering. The internship will last for 6 months.

I'm looking for an offline, in-person MS SQL trainer to conduct sessions in Kelambakkam. The training will cater to a small group of less than 10 students, all of whom have an intermediate level of expertise in MS SQL. The primary focus of the training will be to enhance the students' SQL querying skills. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive knowledge and experience in MS SQL - Proven track record of teaching/training individuals - Ability to teach and improve SQL querying skills - Experience with intermediate level students - Based in or able to travel to Kelambakkam The goal is to provide tailored, high quality training that will help the students enhance their SQL querying skills in a supportive and engaging environment. The training s...

...am seeking a talented writer to create a series of compelling, informative articles aimed at students. These articles will cover a range of educational topics, designed to engage, inform and inspire. Ideal Skills: - Excellent writing and editing skills - Experience in educational content creation - Ability to convey complex information in a simple, engaging manner - Strong research skills to source accurate and current information. - Ability to adapt writing style for different age groups and educational levels. Experience: - Prior work with student-focused content - Portfolio of informational articles I am looking for a freelancer who can help me in achieving this goal. If you have a passion for education and the ability to create captivating content, I w...

Leadership Project is a compulsory course in the Pre-Service Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG). This project aims to develop students' leadership skills through service activities.

I'm seeking a logo for my mobile mini golf rental business, I’m still playing with the name. These are the three names I like. 1) Santa Barbara Mini Golf Co. 2) Putt & Play Mini Golf The logo needs to be fun and playful, aligning with the nature of mini golf and appealing to families and children. Design Requirements: - Style: The logo should be modern and sleek, but with a fun and playful twist. Think of how a children's toy brand might blend simplicity with whimsy. - Color Scheme: It should use a bright and vibrant color scheme. The aim is to create a logo that stands out and catches the eye, but still maintains a cohesive and professional appearance. - Elements: The logo must incorporate golf clubs and balls in a clever and enga...

I'm looking for a modern and sleek logo for my engineering consultancy, Enable Project Solutions. The logo should: - Have the word "ENABLE" in large font, with "Project Solutions" underneath in smaller font. - Incorporate a geometric type design, using triangles as the primary shape. - Use a color palette of blues and greens. The most critical aspect to highlight in the logo is professionalism. It should reflect the reliability and innovation of our consultancy, but with a strong emphasis on our professional standing. Ideal skills for this project include graphic design, branding, and a strong understanding of modern, sleek aesthetics. Experience with geometric designs and triangle shapes would be a significant advantage. Please provi...

I need a straightforward yet engaging PowerPoint presentation aimed at students. The topic is basic tire knowledge. The presentation should: - Be 4-6 minutes long - Incorporate Cameo - Follow a simple and clean visual style Ideal freelancers for this project should have: - Proven experience in creating educational PowerPoint presentations - Proficiency in using Cameo - Exceptional graphic design skills - Ability to simplify complex information for a student audience.

Variety of pick-up work and edits of CAD drawings and Revit Files for Gary L Spreng. Some of his files need to be modified on a temporary basis.

Looking for someone that has FrameCad software knowledge and experience with designing framed structures of cold formed steel. The focus is on designing residential buildings. 3D modeling of the structures is not required. The design should include detailed engineering plans. The expected project timeline is 1-2 weeks. Include FrameCad designed drawings in the engineering plans. Please ensure the design complies with local building codes. No specific certifications or licenses are required for this project. Include detailed schematics and comprehensive engineering details. The engineering plans should cover basic structural details.

...of a stell truss bridge(~300m) using Bentley (preffered) or Sketchup software. The model should encompass basic structural elements as the primary purpose of the model is for engineering analysis. I have 2D scanned documents with measurements available for your reference. 3D reality mesh model of the bridge is available Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Bentley or Sketchupsoftware - Experience in creating 3D models of structures - Understanding of engineering analysis requirements - Ability to interpret 2D scanned documents and measurements - Capability to simplify complex structures into basic elements for modeling The 3D model should be moderately detailed with essential structural elements. Non-structural elements should have minimal...

I'm looking for an English language teacher who specializes in teaching Conversational English to beginner level students. The lessons should be conducted online via video call. Key Responsibilities: - Teach basic conversational English to beginners - Conduct lessons online via video call - Make lessons engaging and interactive Ideal Candidate: - Experienced English language teacher - Specializes in teaching Conversational English - Patience and understanding towards beginners - Skilled at conducting interactive online lessons Lessons should take place twice a week for 2 hours.

...exceptional opportunity for a professional with a proven track record in mechanical engineering for the data center and built environment, particularly within the MEP consultancy sector. If you are passionate about delivering innovative, energy-efficient, and sustainable solutions, we want to hear from you. Key Responsibilities: Lead the design and development of mechanical systems for projects in the built environment, including HVAC, plumbing, and fire protection systems. Provide technical leadership and mentorship to junior engineers and project teams. Collaborate with clients, architects, and other stakeholders to ensure designs meet project requirements and regulatory standards. Perform detailed calculations, simulations, and analysis to optimize...

I'm in need of a skilled CAD engineer proficient in See Electrical V8. The task involves creating basic overview electrical schematics for low voltage (LV) switchgear. Key requirements: - Use of See Electrical V8 to compile the schematics - Adherence to IEC Standards in the design process - Ability to design for system purposes Ideal candidates should have: - Prior experience in designing electrical schematics for LV switchgear - Deep understanding and experience with IEC Standards - Proficiency in See Electrical V8 - Strong CAD engineering skills

I'm seeking an expert in n8n to construct a multi-agent chatbot system. The tasks will include incorporating Supabase for state management and using Pinecone for vector retrieval. The chatbot will primarily be for task automation on a web platform. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a comprehensive n8n workflow system - Construct a vector embedding pipeline - Design an agent interaction framework - Build a suitable database architecture in Supabase - Provide thorough documentation and handover materials Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in n8n workflow architecture - Experienced in implementing Supabase and Pinecone vector store - Familiar with GPT-4 API integration - Skilled in multi-agent orchestration You must provide: - Examples of previous n8n multi-step workflow...

Description: We are a company undergoing a major rebranding to position ourselves as a luxury, high-end service. We are looking for a skilled motion graphics designer to create a 5-part animated mini-film that builds suspense, tells a symbolic story, and ends with the grand reveal of our new brand identity Project Goals: • Convey excitement and exclusivity with a luxurious and elegant tone. • Use abstract symbolic visuals (e.g., flowing gold, speed trails, high-end objects) to represent our brand’s values: speed, precision, and prestige. • Incorporate brand colors: white, purple, and yellow gold. • Build suspense across five short parts (30–60 seconds each), culminating in the reveal of our new logo and tagline Budget and Timeline: &bu...

I'm looking for a talented graphic designer to create a modern logo for my brand. Key requirements: - The logo should have a modern style. - Utilization of neutral and subtle colors. - A combination of text and an icon or symbol within the logo. Key skills: - Graphic Design - Logo Design - Branding - Adobe Illustrator or similar software Please include an abstract icon within the logo. The logo should appeal primarily to college students.

Project: Converting a Villa Floor Plan into AutoCAD for Consultant Use Project Description: I am looking to convert a 3-story villa floor plan into a high-quality AutoCAD file that can be used by a consultant. The project includes three main deliverables that require accuracy and professionalism: Floor Plan Development: Convert the attached floor plan into an AutoCAD file, ensuring all architectural details are included for the three floors. Verify dimensions and layout accuracy to match the original plan. Front and Back Elevation Design: Create the villa’s front and back elevations based on the attached images. Highlight key design elements, including windows, doors, and decorative details, to reflect the intended aesthetic. Architectural Design with Structural Fo...

...looking for a creative and professional logo represents Platinum Built Projects Pty Ltd, a company that likely specializes in construction, development, or related services. Here’s a detailed breakdown: Key Features: Design Elements: Monogram "PB": The initials "P" and "B" are stylized into a single cohesive symbol. This approach is both modern and minimalistic, making the logo memorable and professional. The "P" is nested within the "B," showcasing integration and sophistication. Crown Icon: A crown is placed above the monogram, symbolizing prestige, excellence, and superiority. This reflects the company's emphasis on quality and elite service. Typography: The name "Platinum Built" is written in bold, ...

I need a PCB designed for a consumer electronic device. The PCB must be compact, as space is limited in the device. Key functionalities of the PCB include: - Wireless Connectivity: The PCB should support Bluetooth or Wi-Fi capabilities for seamless communication and connectivity. - Power Management: Efficient power handling and distribution is critical to ensure battery longevity and optimal device performance. - Sensor Integration: The PCB needs to accommodate various sensors, so careful planning for integration points is necessary. Ideal candidates for this project should have extensive experience in PCB design, particularly for consumer electronics. A solid understanding of power management, wireless connectivity, and sensor integration is cru...

I'm seeking an expert in web development, GIS applications, and agricultural engineering to create a comprehensive online irrigation planner. The planner will be tailored specifically for agricultural use, incorporating a range of critical features including the ability to import Google Maps, utilize drawing tools, and employ an automatic planner. Key Features: - Importing Google Maps - Drawing Tools - Products Selector - Automatic Planner - Flow Calculator - Pressure Calculator - Pump Selector - Pipe Calculator - Pressure Loss Calculator - Soil Sensor Support: Allow integration with soil moisture sensors to provide real-time data for more precise irrigation. - Water Source Management: Manage and monitor different water sources and their capacities within the pl...

...and protecting against shrink (theft). We are working on a new concept for a customer self service lock used to access merchandise in locked cabinets. The lock will be smart and connected with the ability for consumers to open the lock. We are looking for help to perform industrial design on the lock - it should be easy to operate, ADA compliant and facilitate the re-locking of doors after use. We are looking for: - experience in consumer product design - experience in smart locks - experience in ADA compliance - Design must be targeted to all audience type and provide ease of usability - handycaps, old age etc Expected deliverables will be 3D product concepts, that might then be productized by our internal engineering team. We will start with one t...

I'm seeking comprehensive B2B business lists focused on Energy/Pharmacetical/Engineering/Manufacturing Lists for Europe and USA. Key Requirements: - The lists should cover various types of businesses within the Tech industry, including startups, SMEs, and Enterprises. - Data should be accurate, up-to-date, and compliant with GDPR regulations. - Ideally, you have experience in data mining, market research, and B2B lead generation. Please provide samples of similar work you've done, along with your proposal. I look forward to your bids.

I'm in need of a talented graphic designer to create a logo for a new afterschool club called, The Crochet Corner. Targeting 4th and 5th-grade students, this club is all about teaching crochet and making handmade items like scarves, scrunchies, bookmarks, and blankets for shelters and hospitals. The logo should encapsulate the essence of creativity, community, compassion, and empowerment. Key Requirements: - The logo must incorporate the club's name, "The Crochet Corner". - It should use warm and inviting colors, leaning towards modern and clean aesthetics. - The design must include crochet-related elements like yarn, hooks, or stitches. - Imagery that symbolizes kindness and community, such as hearts and hands, should also be integrated. - While t...

I need an experienced engineer to calculate the specifications for some steel columns at the front of my house. These columns serve both structural and decorative purposes. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Civil or Structural Engineering degree - Expertise in steel structures - Experience with decorative structural design - Proficient in engineering calculation software - Familiarity with local building codes and regulations - Strong background in material science and environmental impact assessment - Proficient in AutoCAD or similar design software The decorative aspect should follow a modern minimalist style. Please provide a detailed report of the engineering calculations.

I'm looking for a mechanical engineer to assist with the detailed design of a new product concept. Ideal Skills: - Mechanical Engineering - Product Design - AutoCAD - Proficient in detailed design processes

I'm looking for a skilled developer to create a mini app for Telegram. The primary functionality should focus on telegram mini app game development.

...I want my students to be able to answer these exercise questions directly from the same page of the lesson, without having to do a form. The goal is to enable my students to easily return to the lesson, see the exercise and their answer, and be able to edit their answer without hassle. Key Requirements: - Integration of short and long answer text boxes, as well as tables, within the lessons. - Use of short answer text boxes, long answer text boxes, and tables as answer input formats. - Automatic saving of student responses. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Familiarity with LearnWorlds platform. - Experience in e-learning course development. - Proficient in programming or using tools to customize e-learning platforms. - Understanding of interactive content creat...

I'm seeking an expert in seismic calculations to assist with the design of the barrel for a pig launcher. Key Responsibilities: - Conduct seismic calculations for the pig launcher's barrel, ensuring it can withstand potential seismic activity. - Provide recommendations for design modifications based on calculation outcomes. Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience in seismic calculations for infrastructure - Strong background in design engineering - Previous work with pig launchers or similar structures is a plus Please provide examples of your relevant experience in your bid. The freelancer should provide a full report detailing seismic calculations and design modifications. The project needs to be completed within 1 or 2 days. The final repor...

I'm looking for an expert who can assist in the development and design of electronic sensors for detecting and measuring hydrogen sulfide in outdoor environments. Key Responsibilities: - Design an electronic sensor specifically for hydrogen sulfide - Ensure the sensor is suitable for outdoor use - Test the sensor's effectiveness in detecting hydrogen sulfide - Deploy sensors in different outdoor locations to test performance under diverse conditions. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive knowledge in electronic sensor design - Experience with hydrogen sulfide detection - Previous work with outdoor sensor applications - Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail The sensor should provide digital data output. The se...

We are working on a new concept for a customer self service lock used to access merchandise in locked cabinets. The lock will be smart and connected with the ability for consumers to open the lock. We are looking for help to perform industrial design on the lock - it should be easy to operate, ADA compliant and facilitate the re-locking of doors after use. We are looking for: - experience in consumer product design - experience in smart locks - experience in ADA compliance Expected deliverables will be 3D product concepts, that might then be productized by our internal engineering team. We will start with one type of fixture, and may expand the relationship to address other fixtures in the future. Timeline is ASAP, as we are actively engaged in product...

I'm looking for an experienced producer and beatmaker to create a digital drumline track for a pop/rock song. The track should mimic the style of a rock band, without sounding overly electronic or abstract. Instead, the drumline should be realistic and fit seamlessly with an orchestral pop rock song. A good reference for the desired sound is the studio version of Dave Matthews' "Ants Marching." Key Requirements: - A strong portfolio demonstrating previous work in producing realistic drum tracks. - An ability to create intricate bass drum patterns, snare rolls, and cymbal crashes that align with a rock band style. - A keen understanding of the orchestral pop rock genre. Please provide an example of a previous drumline track that fits these ...

I am looking for a highly skilled web designer and developer to create a custom unique modern, simplistic, and elegant website with animations for our technology company. We specialize in providing technology engineering and consultancy services tailored to the international trade industry. The website should: Design Style: Be clean, professional, and visually appealing. Use a modern color palette and typography. Have a minimalistic design that reflects innovation and sophistication. Features: - Smooth animations for transitions, section reveals, and user interactions. - Responsive design optimized for desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. - Intuitive navigation with a focus on user experience (UX). - Highlight our core services, client case studies, a...

I'm looking for a skilled translator or a team of translators fluent in Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, and Dutch. The task involves translating a table of 200 words, which pertains to the user interface of an electronic device. Key Details: - Subject: User Interface Text - Source Language: French - Target Languages: Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, Dutch - Format of Source Content: Excel Spreadsheet I have specific terminology guidelines and glossaries for the translations provided in an Excel spreadsheet. Adherence to these guidelines is crucial. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: - Proficiency in the target languages - Prior experience with translating user interface text - Familiarity with technical specificati...

I'm seeking an experienced engineer to conduct a finite element analysis using ANSYS. The project involves multi-body analysis focusing on deflection and pressure profiles under static loading conditions. ...with multi-body analysis - Ability to interpret and report on deflection and pressure profiles - Understanding of static loading conditions Materials Involved: - Steel - Plastic film - Carbon epoxy film The ideal freelancer will have a strong background in mechanical engineering and materials science, with a proven track record of using ANSYS for complex simulations. This project will require attention to detail, ability to meet deadlines, and excellent communication skills for reporting findings. The specific CAD models for the analysis will be pro...

We're looking for a professional sales expert to help sell our online MBA program to working professionals. This program is unique due to our industry-recognized faculty, offering a high-quality education that can help advance careers. Key Responsibilities: - Identify and reach out to potential students - Utilize effective sales techniques to promote the program - Follow up on leads and inquiries in a timely manner. - Work to close enrollments and ensure students complete the registration process. Ideal Skills: - Excellent communication and sales skills - Experience in selling educational programs is a plus - Understanding of the needs and aspirations of working professionals Please note, the choice of marketing channels has not been decided yet. Your expertis...

I'm looking for a proficient SEO professional to provide high-quality, do-follow backlinks from DA 50+ sites, specifically related to engineering. Requirements: - 100 new backlinks from DA 50+ sites in the engineering sector. - Backlinks should exclusively come from industry blogs, not educational websites, professional forums, or classified ads. - All links must be new, working, and provided in a report with the Domain Rating (DR) for milestone release. We have list of existing list of links. - The budget is SGD 0.20 per link, totaling SGD 20 for 100 links. - Previous SEO work sample reports are required for consideration. Please note: - The main goal of this project is to improve my site's search engine ranking. - Time wasters or au...

...Access to reliable Internet (a reliable mobile phone will bring you a lot of convenience for that job) • Ability to learn about new online systems and platforms quickly You will earn up to 1 USD (depending on your working area and working hours) per correctly answered math question (only middle school level math, not like Riemann hypothesis!). Normally our tutors can solve around 10 or even more problems in one hour when they are familiar with the process. Know any others would be interested? - get referral bonus! If you know anyone from your contacts (e.g. middle school/undergraduate students, your brothers or sisters, and etc.) who would be interested in working as a freelance math tutor, and qualified for the requirements above, please refer to us and we...

Development of a complete ERP system for centralized management of schedules, finances and administrative documents, adapted to a specific activity. The project includes an intuitive interface and automated functionalities, while complying with current standards. Features and architecture Complete CRM Mail eMailling Accounting and financial management Invoice and estimate generation: Factur-X format (enriched electronic invoices). Direct integration API for invoice submission. Integrated French accounting: Automated accounting entries. Bank reconciliation with transaction matching. Financial reporting Revenues by mission, monthly/annual summaries. Cash flow forecasts with visual graphs. Payment tracking: Alerts for unpaid or overdue invoices. Automatic remind...

I'm in need of a skilled structural engineer to conduct calculations for the roof of my residential building. Key Focus Areas: - Roof: The calculations will primarily focus on the roof's structural integrity and ability to withstand various conditions. - Swimming Pool Foundation: The house has a unique feature - a swimming pool as its foundation. This will need to be taken into consideration for the overall structural assessments. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience in structural engineering, specifically with residential buildings. - Proven track record of performing roof calculations. - Familiarity with designing and calculating structures with non-standard foundations, such as swimming pools. - Strong understanding of safety regulations ...

I'm seeking application developers to create a cost-effective, engaging English language learning app. The target audience is ICSE, CBSE, and SSC students, specifically children aged 10 to 17 years learning English as their second language. Key Features: - The app should be developed for both iOS and Android platforms. - It should have a strong focus on progress tracking, allowing students, parents, and educators to monitor improvement over time. - Incorporating teacher-student interaction capabilities is essential for this project, fostering communication and enhancing the learning experience. - Provide an offline mode to allow students to access lessons and activities without having an internet connection. Ideal Candidate: - A professional with ...

I'm looking to create an educational poster for my college engineering design project. The poster needs to be visually striking and stand out from the rest. I will provide a sample poster for reference.