Muhammad A.

MPhil Natural Product Chemistry

I took certificate accessor course on the laboratory accreditation through PNAC.

I took certificate course on the clinical research practices, clinical trail monitoring under the guidelines of ICH and GCP, from Kriger Research Center

Skin is the primary layer of human body which act as protective barrier against exogenous chemicals, UV radiations as well as microorganisms. Maintaining the skin morphology under regular environmental stresses and controlling age related skin changes is one of the biggest challenges for modern science, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. These environmental stresses, such as excessive exposure to UV radiations, can even lead to the devastating skin disorders such as skin cancer.

Levetiracetam (LEV) has been found to have an antihyperalgesic effect via acting on the adenosine system. However, the effects of LEV on the modulation of the adenosine system in the brain have not been elucidated in the prevention of seizures and epilepsy. The present study aimed to explore the possible LEV mechanisms of action in the adenosine signaling systems in an animal model of epilepsy.

Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most prescribed drugs for epilepsy. Extended use of VPA not only induces hepatotoxicity but also impairs the cognitive functions. Metformin has been reported to pre vent epileptogenesis and enhance memory. To counter the VPA-induced adverse events, it is hypothe sized that combination of sub-therapeutic dose of VPA with metformin may attenuate the toxicity stemming from the therapeutic dose of VPA.