I personally handle SEO analysis (variety of depth) for current and potential clients on a weekly basis. A high level overview for the areas covered in the analysis are:
Keyword Research - Compiling the most effective keyword list.
On-page Optimization - (suggested title, meta tags, description, alt tags, headline tags, internal linking structure, url optimization.)
Off-page Optimization - (link research & strategies, article suggestions, blogging & syndication, lists of both free & paid internet search directories.)