Average cost of app development jobs
Looking to develop a dynamic educational website similar to , focused on providing practice tests for students. The website should allow kids to choose answers for multiple-choice questions and automatically display results similar to the functionality observed at Must be user-friendly, mobile-compatibl... Must be user-friendly, mobile-compatible, and equipped with a robust content management system to easily update and manage question sets. Key Features Needed: - User registration/login - Multiple choice question interface - Instant score display after test completion - Admin panel for managing questions and users - SEO optimized structure Required Skills: Web Development, PHP, HTML5, JavaScript, SEO
I'm in search of a proficient Android Developer for a new application. The app's key features will include: - User Authentication: Implement a secure and seamless login and registration process for users. - Push Notifications: Ensure users stay engaged with timely notifications. The design style for the app hasn't been decided yet, so flexibility and creativity in this area would be appreciated. The app is aimed at the general public, so a user-friendly approach is crucial. In your proposal, please share your relevant experience and your daily availability. Looking forward to your responses.
I need a professional to create a comprehensive wiki page for a scientist or academic. The page will detail their early life, career contributions, and accolades. Key sections to include: - Early Life and Education: This should cover the individual's formative years and their educational journey. -...Education: This should cover the individual's formative years and their educational journey. - Career and Contributions: This will encapsulate the person's professional life and their significant contributions to their field. - Awards and Recognition: This section will highlight the honors and accolades the individual has received. Ideal candidates for this project should have a strong understanding of wiki's guidelines and protocols, and experience in writing for ...
I am in need of an experienced PHP Full Stack developer to help create a custom WordPress-based Content Management System (CMS). Key Responsibilities: - Design and implement a WordPress CMS tailored to my specifications. - Integrate essential features such as user roles and permissions, content scheduling, and SEO tools. Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in PHP and full stack development, with a strong background in WordPress. - Experience in creating custom CMS and integrating complex features. - Expertise in SEO tools and content scheduling systems. - Ability to design and implement secure user roles and permissions. This is a great opportunity for a seasoned developer who can deliver a high-quality, user-friendly CMS.
...mandatory. Preferably VS Code. Some of #1 have been done in Python and but requires serious testing. Stage 1 (Proof of concept): Obtain batch pricing of DEX coins from , thegraph or etc. Create a GUI frontend for identifying, highlighting opportunities. Textbox for minimum % profit, excluding all others. Implement profitably of trade with total cost of trade, including gas fees. Possibly implement triangular trade analysis for obscure trading opportunities. Stage 2 (Implementation of trades): Wallet code for trading. Implement buying and selling of identified pairs within/across exchanges and blockchains. Stage 3 (More Complex system) Smart contract, not executing if no profit. Take advantage ...
I'm looking for a professio...developer who can create a mobile-friendly website similar to Swiggy or Zomato. The primary focus of this project is on: - Comprehensive Restaurant Listings: The website should have an extensive database of restaurants, complete with their menus and prices. - Real-time Delivery Partner Tracking: I need the website to feature live tracking of delivery partners, providing users with real-time updates on their orders. Ideal candidates for this project should have a strong background in web development, particularly in creating interactive, real-time websites. Experience in building mobile-friendly websites is a must. Knowledge of integrating live tracking systems is highly desirable. Please provide examples of sim...
I'm looking for an expert to migrate my WooCommerce e-commerce site to a new, more affordable web host. The site has under 20 products/pages. Key Requirements: - Proficient in WooCommerce - Experience with e-commerce site migration - Knowledge of cost-effective web hosting providers - Ability to ensure minimal downtime and data integrity during the migration process
I'm looking for a skilled app developer to create a marketplace app for diamonds, compatible with both iOS and Android. Key Features: - User Profiles: Users should be able to create and manage their own profiles. - In-App Purchases: The app should support seamless in-app transactions for purchasing diamonds. - Ratings and Reviews System: Implement a system for users to rate their purchases and leave reviews. Payment Integration: - The app should integrate with PayPal as the primary payment gateway. Ideal candidates for this project should have extensive experience in developing cross-platform apps, especially marketplace apps. A deep understanding of user profile management, in-app purchase systems, and implementing rating an...
...Management Lead capture from various sources (website, social media, email, phone calls). Lead categorization (e.g., hot, warm, cold). Automated follow-up reminders and tracking. Integration with email/WhatsApp for communication. Analytics on lead conversion rates. 2. Housekeeping Management Task assignment and tracking for housekeeping staff. Real-time status updates (clean/occupied). Inventory of housekeeping supplies. Maintenance request escalation for damages or issues. 3. Maintenance Management Scheduled maintenance tracker for boats and equipment. Maintenance request logging and resolution tracking. Maintenance expense recording. Alerts for periodic inspections or regulatory checks. 4. Food & Beverages (F&B) Management Menu planning and customization for guests. F&a...
Peace, First of all, please don't come this project bidding with copypaste words. I search for coworkers whom I am willing to pay. I would like to share what I think via telegram, please write your adress on message. All I need is experience on php/node.js/django and ofcourse another person for front end so I need 2 coworkers. I need young people. So don't hesitate if you are not experienced. Edit:If you are better in french we can communicate in french too.
...business called Pointz. The purpose of this project is to improve customer engagement and incentivize repeat purchases. Specific features and functionalities have already been defined, as I have a clear vision for how I want the program to operate. However, I am open to suggestions and improvements that can enhance the overall experience. The target audience for this loyalty program is adults. It is important that the developer understands the needs and preferences of this demographic in order to create a program that resonates with them. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Experience in developing loyalty programs or rewards systems - Proficiency in designing user-friendly interfaces - Knowledge of customer engagement strategies - Understanding ...
...tracking of interactions to optimise campaign performance. By capturing and analysing engagement data instantly, the platform will enable us to drive positive communication outcomes, streamline feedback collection, and gain valuable insights for refining our messaging. This aligns with CITB’s commitment to data-driven decision-making and a customer-focused approach, ensuring every interaction contributes to an improved communication strategy and customer experience. Our current provider is used as the digital marketing tool to leverage communications (multichannel) to employers, training groups, and adhoc learners that exist in our CRM eco system (Dynamics 365 2 instances). We currently utilise campaign management tools within our current provider in order to track perfo...
...primarily be used to sell physical products. Key Features: - A user-friendly interface to facilitate smooth navigation and shopping experience - Integration of customer review functionality on product pages to enhance customer interaction and trust - Implementation of a wish list feature for customers to save their favorite products for future purchases - A product comparison tool to allow customers to compare different items before making a decision Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience in e-commerce website development - Proficiency in creating interactive features like customer reviews, wish list and product comparison tools - Knowledge of best practices in UI/UX design for e-commerce platforms - Ability to ensure the website is optimized for both deskto...
...Chain Activities Objective: Develop a comprehensive framework of supply chain workflows to identify inefficiencies and optimize performance. Steps to Complete: ï‚· Activity Identification: Document end-to-end processes, from procurement to final delivery. Categorize into strategic (forecasting), operational (inventory management), and tactical (order fulfillment) processes. ï‚· Stakeholder Input: Interview teams across procurement, warehouse, and logistics to uncover process pain points. ï‚· Visual Mapping: Use tools like Lucidchart or similar, to create process flows, highlighting financial metrics such as cost-per-shipment, inventory holding costs, and waste percentages. ï‚· Performance Metrics: Include lead times, error rates, and cost analysis in the process review. ï‚· D...
...and optimized performance. this web project that includes multiple HTML, CSS, JavaScript files, images, and fonts. I’d like to replicate and improve upon it, using modern frameworks and best practices. Core Requirements Frontend Development: Develop a responsive design using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Incorporate frameworks/libraries like layui and for styling and interactive elements. Pages to Include: Homepage with a modern, visually appealing layout. Login and registration forms for user authentication. Policy pages such as privacy policy and terms of use. Content pages for banners, image galleries, and dynamic sections. Styling and Design: Implement consistent branding (color schemes, fonts, and graphics). Ensure compatibility with all major browsers and dev...
I'm looking for a professional to modernize the look and feel of my website. Key areas for redesign include the homepage, product pages, and the about us and contact pages. In addition to the redesign, I'm in need of help with content development. This will primarily focus on creating engaging product descriptions and visual content such as images and videos. Ideal skills for this project include: - Website design and development - Content creation - Graphic design - Video production Experience with html based websites and SEO-friendly content creation will be a plus.
I'm in need of an experienced web developer to create a value-focused, informational website. It should include: - Search Functionality: Users should be able to easily search for specific content on the site. - Trade Calculator: A key feature of the site will be a trade calculator, so experience with developing or integrating such a tool is a plus. Additionally, there's some backend work that needs to be done. I need someone to fix broken HTML elements, specifically in the section where it displays the value. Html and CSS is already completed. Ideal Skills: - Web Development - Javascript - Ability to troubleshoot and fix backend issues
...there's a one-car garage. Key Elements of the Project: - Architectural Design: The duplex should embody a traditional architectural style. - Brick Exterior: The brick used should be durable, with a focus on long-lasting quality over color matching or pattern. - Roof Design: The roof design should be visually appealing, but should not include a flat roof. -Max Width is 58' and Max Depth is 50'. Does not need to fill this space but with setbacks, those are max dimensions -This unit is being built for a Rental Property so keep that in mind with design and cost. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in designing traditional style duplexes. - Expertise in creating durable brick exterior designs. - Ability to design visually appealing duplex with ...
I'm looking for a skilled web developer with expertise in both Angular and React to help me build a web application. Key Requirements: - Proficient in both Angular and React - Ability to work with a basic wireframe - Experience in web application development Please note, while I do have a basic wireframe, I will need your expertise and insight to bring this project to life.
...seeking talented blog writers to contribute to a Health and Wellness blog focusing specifically on Fitness and Exercise. The writing style should be casual and conversational, making it approachable for a wide range of readers. Key Responsibilities: - Research and write engaging, casual, and conversational blog posts about fitness and exercise. - Make complex health and fitness concepts easy to understand for the average reader. - Maintain a consistent voice throughout all posts. Ideal Skills: - Experience writing in a casual and conversational style. - Knowledge and understanding of fitness and exercise concepts. - Strong research skills. The ultimate aim is to make our blog a go-to source for fitness enthusiasts and casual readers alike, helping them navigate...
...Marketplace Platform for Scientific Services We are seeking to develop a comprehensive online marketplace platform tailored for the scientific research sectors, similar to and Science Exchange. The platform will connect vendors offering scientific services/products with buyers from academic institutions, biotech companies, and pharmaceutical firms. The project will include the development of the following core components: Admin Panel – Comprehensive dashboard to manage users, transactions, approvals, and overall platform settings. Vendor Panel – A dedicated space for service providers to list their offerings, manage orders, update availability, and communicate with buyers. Buyer Panel – A user-friendly interface for researchers and companies to browse...
I'm looking for a mobile-only card game developed for both iOS and Android. The complete UI will be provided, so only development is needed. Key Requirements: - Implement real-time card game mechanics - Develop online multiplayer functionality - Integrate social features such as: - Friend lists and the ability to invite friends - In-game chat - Sharing game results on social media Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in mobile game development, specifically for iOS and Android - Extensive experience with developing real-time, online multiplayer games - Skills in integrating social features into games - Knowledge of card game mechanics would be a plus, however I can explain the logics I am looking for someone who can deliver a quality product, on...
I'm looking to develop a robust hospital system which encompasses features for patient management, staff scheduling, and medical records management as i have done some of it The primary users of this system will be: - Doctors and nurses: They will need to access patient information, schedule staff shifts, and input medical records. - Administrative staff: They will use the system for overall hospital management and coordination. - Patients: They will have limited access for personal medical information and scheduling appointments.
I'm looking for someone to find out for me what do Uber eats, Menulog or DoorDash In Australia give to all the restaurants in Australian as is a android hardware brands & models number as do have 5G SIM card & or WiFi. printer Built in Ov...find out for me what do Uber eats, Menulog or DoorDash In Australia give to all the restaurants in Australian as is a android hardware brands & models number as do have 5G SIM card & or WiFi. printer Built in Overall, I need comprehensive details on all types of hardware provided to restaurants by these services. This includes: - Detailed information about the Android hardware's SIM card capabilities. I want to know about all SIM card details, specifically focusing on 5G SIM cards - Complete specifications on the print...
I need a skilled translator to convert approximately 3000 words of English marketing content into Hebrew. - Content Context: The material is intended for the general public, so the translation should be easily understandable, without the use of overly complex terminology or industry jargon. - Tone: The translation should convey a casual tone, mirroring the style of the original English content. It should be engaging, friendly, and approachable, appealing to a wide audience.
We are seeking a talented and creative designer to craft a professional logo for our new company, Lattitude Development Group, a development company with a forward-thinking and innovative approach. Design Requirements: Compass Theme: We want the logo to incorporate a creative use of a compass as a central design element, symbolizing direction, vision, and exploration. Coordinates Integration: The logo should subtly include the coordinates of our new office: 34.94807, -81.93854. These can be integrated into the design in a visually appealing and meaningful way (e.g., around the compass or as part of the text). Style: The logo should reflect professionalism, creativity, and modernity. Minimalist or clean designs are preferred, but we are open to suggest...
...Chain Activities Objective: Develop a comprehensive framework of supply chain workflows to identify inefficiencies and optimize performance. Steps to Complete: ï‚· Activity Identification: Document end-to-end processes, from procurement to final delivery. Categorize into strategic (forecasting), operational (inventory management), and tactical (order fulfillment) processes. ï‚· Stakeholder Input: Interview teams across procurement, warehouse, and logistics to uncover process pain points. ï‚· Visual Mapping: Use tools like Lucidchart or similar, to create process flows, highlighting financial metrics such as cost-per-shipment, inventory holding costs, and waste percentages. ï‚· Performance Metrics: Include lead times, error rates, and cost analysis in the process review. ï‚· D...
I need a professional web developer to create a business-oriented WordPress site using the Divi theme. The site will be built in line with my existing brand and design guidelines. Key requirements: - Expert knowledge in WordPress and Divi - Ability to strictly adhere to provided design guidelines - Strong understanding of business site requirements Please note, I did not specify certain features like service listings, contact forms or testimonials at this stage, but the site should be adaptable for these elements in the future. Your ability to provide insightful recommendations on potential site enhancements will be highly valued.
I'm looking to create a platform where professionals can bid for various projects posted by users. Key Requirements: - Users will be able to post professional projects. - Consultants will be the primary bidders on these projects. - The website should have user profiles, a rating and review system, a messagin...looking to create a platform where professionals can bid for various projects posted by users. Key Requirements: - Users will be able to post professional projects. - Consultants will be the primary bidders on these projects. - The website should have user profiles, a rating and review system, a messaging system, and a directory. Ideal Skills: - Web Development - UI/UX Design - Experience with creating bidding platforms Please provide examples of similar proj...
I'm looking for a seasoned Tech Lead with 7-10 years of hands-on experience in React JS and Next JS to guide our team in the EdTech sector. The role could start as a contract with the potential for a full-time position based on performance. Key Responsibilities: - Architecting robust, scalable solutions. - Conducting code reviews to ensure quality and adherence to best practices. - Actively participating in code development. Ideal Candidate Should Have: - Proficiency in React JS and expertise in Next JS. - A proven track record in performance optimization and scalability. - Experience with AWS Cloud. You will be pivotal in driving our tech strategy and mentoring our junior developers. Your leadership skills will be just as important as your technical expertise. Please...
Development of advertising platform for simple game scratch voucher format, minesweeper, slot machine god, picture puzzle, bingo game, and keyboard typing game Game development that works on web and appPWA Scratch voucher format, minesweeper, slot machine god, picture puzzle, bingo game, keyboard typing game advertising platform development All games have results within 30 seconds and there is also a tournament format Only those with game-related development experience are encouraged to apply Project participation developer qualification requirements 1 Do not communicate in English. Use a translator. Development documents are not in English either 2 Only developers who can participate in development right away are encouraged to apply 3 On...
???We are looking for a freelancer/bidder ??? ✅ who can bring in genuine software development projects (MERN, PHP, Vue.js, WordPress) from online platforms like Upwork, Freelancer, and Fiverr. Your role will be to identify, bid on, and secure projects for our development team. ✅ You will be compensated based on each project successfully acquired, with payment made per project. Ideal for someone with experience in bidding and negotiation on freelancing platforms. ✅ If your developer and have clients collaboration also possible after discussion. For more details can dm and we are open to discuss. Asap
I need a professional web developer to create a website for me. I have design ideas that will need to be implemented. I have a few examples of similar companies and I would like to create a website similar format to these. It is for a engineering surveying company that also offers equipment leasing
I'm seeking a proficient mobile app developer with extensive experience in cryptocurrency applications. The project entails the creation of a versatile, secure mobile crypto wallet compatible with both iOS and Android platforms. Key Requirements: - The wallet should support multiple cryptocurrencies, not just the mainstream ones like Bitcoin and Ethereum. - A keen focus on security is paramount, considering the sensitive nature of cryptocurrency transactions. - The ability to design a user-friendly interface is essential to cater to both novice and experienced crypto users. - Real time currency conversions for touch pay payments Ideal Skills: - Proficient in cross-platform mobile development (preferably using frameworks like Flutter or React Native) - ...
1. **Objective**: Clearly outline what you need to be done. For example, are you looking for content creation, design work, marketing strategy, app development, or something else? 2. **Audience**: Describe your target audience or user base. Who is this project aimed at? 3. **Style/Format**: If relevant, mention specific styles, formats, or guidelines you want followed (e.g., professional, casual, minimalistic). 4. **Scope**: Detail the specific tasks or components involved in the project. Include deliverables, deadlines, and milestones. 5. **Background Information**: Provide context about your company, brand, or prior work to help the person understand the bigger picture. 6. **Budget**: If you have a specific budget range, include that information. 7. **Inspirations**:...
...experience in the ABP Framework. The project is to develop an application that is user-friendly and sleek in its interface. The application will consist of Products, Sales, Payments, Dashboards, and reporting, and will include Web, API, and MAUI projects. Key Features: - Focus on a modern and sleek user interface - Prioritising user experience - Both desktop and mobile optimisation Ideal Skills: - Proficient in .NET and ABP Framework - Experienced in creating modern user interfaces - Skilled in both desktop and mobile application development - Knowledgeable in developing applications with eCommerce features (Products, Sales, Payments) - Capable of creating detailed dashboards and reporting systems Please only apply if you can deliver a high-quality application th...
Collaboration Opportunity for Automation Projects Hello, D.N.E Hasharon Diamonds...com WhatsApp API integration: We are currently evaluating providers such as Twilio, , and SendPulse to determine the best fit for our needs. API development WordPress integration Integration of AI technologies, including OpenAI's ChatGPT and Whisper APIs We aim to enhance our systems by incorporating advanced AI capabilities, such as natural language processing and speech-to-text functionalities. We are interested in both project-based collaborations and hourly sessions via Zoom for joint development and knowledge sharing. Could you please provide: An overview of your experience in these areas We look forward to the possibility of working together. Best regards, ...
✅ We are a growing development team with expertise in MERN stack, PHP, Vue.js, and WordPress. We are looking for a motivated and results-driven Business Development Manager to join our team. The ideal candidate will have experience in identifying and acquiring genuine projects from online platforms such as Upwork, Freelancer, Fiverr, LinkedIn, etc. Your role will be to actively source, negotiate, and close deals with clients, ensuring the consistent growth of our will according to projects. Per project based salary.✅ Only interested can dm me. Needed As soon as possible.
I'm looking for a skilled PHP developer to integrate the Traccar RESTful API into my backend. The focus is on consuming the API to add new devices, update existing devices records and delete device records and sending commands to devices. This should be done using pure PHP, without any fr...PHP developer to integrate the Traccar RESTful API into my backend. The focus is on consuming the API to add new devices, update existing devices records and delete device records and sending commands to devices. This should be done using pure PHP, without any framework. Key requirements: - Proficient in PHP with a strong understanding of RESTful APIs - Experience with Traccar API is a plus - Ability to present data in JSON format Please provide examples of similar projects you...
Senior Blockchain Developer - Token Development Specialist Web Tadka Digital Marketing Agency Position Overview We are seeking an experienced Blockchain Developer specializing in token development and listings to lead Web Tadka's initiative in creating and launching our native token. This role combines technical expertise with strategic planning to support our agency's funding and expansion goals.
I'm looking for a skilled web designer/developer to create a professional business website for me. The primary purpose of the site will be to generate leads. Key Requirements: - A clean, simple, and user-friendly design - Integration of effective lead generation tools, particularly contact forms - Experience in designing business-oriented websites Ideal Skills: - Web design & development - Understanding of lead generation principles - Proficiency with contact form integration Please provide examples of similar projects you've completed in your proposal.
I am seeking an IFE member with expertise in smoke extraction ...commercial buildings, specifically shopping centers in the UK. Key Responsibilities: - Development of smoke extraction projects at the design stage. - Ensuring compliance with safety standards and regulations. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in designing smoke extraction systems for commercial buildings. - IFE membership. - Extensive knowledge of UK building regulations. - Excellent project management skills. Basically I'm looking for a freelancer who may design and sign off smoke extraction projects in the UK Has to be member of the IFE (institution of fire engineers) and Member of the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers. I can off...
I need a WordPress developer to build or modify a business website for me. The primary functionality of this website will be to showcase our services. I already have a design in mind for the service showcase, so the developer will need to be able to implement this design accurately. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in WordPress - Ability to implement pre-defined designs - Experience with creating service showcase sections on websites - Understanding of business website needs This project will require attention to detail to ensure the design is implemented correctly. Experience with WordPress is a must, and previous work on business websites will be a strong advantage.
...to create a WordPress site employing Elementor, mirroring the structure of the specified websites. The aim is to build a site that utilizes similar layouts and features, while integrating the theme from Webshark.se. The site must be fully adjustable, enabling me to effortlessly modify text, images, and colors. Key Features: - Incorporation of header and footer layouts, color schemes and fonts, and page structures from the example sites - Chat functionality that combines live support and a Chatbot for automated responses - Pop-up functionality serving as a contact form - A design and structure based on the aforementioned examples - User-friendly interface allowing easy adjustments without the need for further development help I'm looking for a professional wit...
I'm seeking a talented frontend developer who can: - Create a modern design for the frontend, as I currently do not have one. - Build the frontend and connect it with my pre-built backend API. - Ensure the frontend is responsive across all devices. Please note, the primary framework for the frontend has to be nextjs Ideal candidate skills: - Strong knowledge in frontend development, specifically with React, Vue, or Angular. - Experience with API integration. - Proficient in creating modern design styles. - Able to ensure responsive design. Looking forward to your bids.
I am looking for a talented web and mobile app developer to create an informative website and its accompanying mobile application. The primary focus of this project is to feature blog posts and articles. Key Requirements: - Development of an interactive and user-friendly informational website and mobile application - Integration of a robust Content Management System (CMS) that allows for easy and efficient content updates - Optimization of the mobile application for seamless performance on various devices Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in web and mobile app development - Proficiency in creating and integrating CMS in web and mobile platforms - Strong understanding and capability in developing content-focused platfo...
This document outlines the scope of work for a project to develop a career guidance application aimed at young users. The project is divided into three main areas: Data, Analytics, and AI; Design; and Product Implementation. Here's a breakdown of each area: 1. Data, Analytics, and AI: This section focuses on the intelligent core of the application. Data Sources: The project will identify and integrate data from reliable sources. This data will include information about: Career pathways (different routes to specific careers). Educational resources (schools, courses, training programs). Local job market trends (in-demand skills, available jobs). Data Processing: The raw data collected will be organized and structured to make it usable by the application. This like...
I'm looking for a professional web developer to create a Blog/News portal for eWestern Today News. The primary focus of the website will be to showcase articles and news updates. Key Features: - A well-structured, easy to navigate Blog/News portal. - Ability to display a variety of articles and news updates. Essential Functionality: - A search bar to help users easily find specific content. Freelancers bidding for this project should ideally have: - A strong portfolio of developing Blog/News portals. - Expertise in creating user-friendly, intuitive website interfaces. - Proficiency in implementing effective search functionality within the site.
Project Description: Turnkey Web Application Development Using Django MAXIMUM BUDGET: USD 2,250. 1. Project Conditions Exclusive internal use: The application is intended only for the employees of the importing company. No external users will have access or be able to make purchases through the application. Deadline: 3 weeks from the project award. Current status: The project is already 20% complete. Partial deliveries: At least 2 partial revisions are required before the final delivery for feedback. 2. Objective Develop a turnkey web application for an importing company that facilitates: - Management of customer orders. - Consolidation of purchases made from factories. - Administration of an inventory. - Registration and customization of cli...