Editing references research paper jobs

I am seeking a skilled scientific illustrator to create a schematic-style representation of a physical phenomenon. This illustration is intended for a research publication, so it is crucial that the artwork is both precise and visually appealing. Key Requirements: - Expertise in creating schematic illustrations. - Understanding of physical phenomena. - Experience in producing illustrations for research publications. Your ability to convey complex scientific concepts in a clear and engaging manner will be key to the success of this project. Previous work in scientific illustration is a plus. Please provide a portfolio of relevant illustrations with your bid.

I need a casual and engaging video editor for both my YouTube and TikTok content. I also require assistance in creating a Facebook page for my business, primarily aimed at promoting our products/services. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in video editing for YouTube and TikTok - Able to edit in a casual and engaging style - Experience in setting up professional Facebook business pages - Understanding of social media marketing and promotion - Knowledge of SEO best practices for YouTube and Facebook - Understanding of content strategy for social media platforms - Experience with graphic design for social media assets - Experience in managing Facebook ad campaigns - Ability to provide fast and responsive communication

I have an MP4 video file that is over 5 minutes long and has a watermark in the center of the screen. I need a skilled 3D animation expert who can remove the watermark seamlessly from the video. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in 3D animation software - Previous experience with video editing and watermark removal - Strong attention to detail to ensure the video remains high quality post-edit - Ability to deliver within a reasonable timeframe

I want to make 2d animation show . 3-5 minutes an episode 3-4 episodes. I will do the voice and editing. The show has to be on vertical.

Mere liye ek video editing kardo

I need a talented digital artist to superimpose my friend's face onto Episode III Obi Wan Kenobi. The final result should look as realistic as possible, as if my friend were truly portraying this character. The output should be a high-quality digital image file ready for sharing. Ideal skills and experience for the job: - Proficiency in advanced photo editing and manipulation software - Strong understanding of facial proportions and features - Experience in producing realistic digital images - Ability to deliver a high-quality, shareable digital file The face swap should have a moderate level of detail and realism. The final image is intended for personal use. The face swap should portray a smiling and friendly expression. The final image should be 1920x1080 in resolution. ...

...focus on educational and 'how-to' content. The main goal of these videos is to increase my subscriber base. Key Responsibilities: - Edit videos in a mixed media style with text overlays, as per my preferred editing style. - Incorporate engaging and informative text overlays to complement the educational content of the videos. - Help to create fast-paced, appealing content that will captivate viewers and encourage subscriptions. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in video editing software, with a strong portfolio of similar projects. - Excellent understanding of mixed media editing and creating text overlays. - Experience with creating content for YouTube Shorts is highly desirable. - Can provide creative input to help enhance the quality and appea...

I'm looking for a talented freelancer to create a compelling advertisement video for my Meta Ads campaign. The video will promote my English-language rock and metal vocal lessons. Key Requirements: - A strong portfolio demonstrating previous work in creating dy...Proficiency in English to ensure accurate understanding and execution of the project requirements. - Ability to create captivating visual content that instills a sense of trustworthiness in viewers. The primary goal of this video is to increase sign-ups for my vocal lessons. We will discuss which elements to include in the video. Ideal candidates will have a creative mindset, technical skills in video editing and production, and a passion for rock and metal music. Please submit your portfolio showcasing relevant pre...

I'm seeking assistance to craft a compelling promotion application for my transition from Senior Lecturer to Associate Professor in Automotive Engineering. Key Aspects to Highlight: - My extensive research publications, particularly in reputable journals, that demonstrate my contributions to the field. - My commitment to teaching excellence, which has been recognized by both students and peers. The application needs to effectively communicate my achievements and contributions, underscoring my suitability for the promotion. Ideal candidates for this role should have experience in academic writing and a strong understanding of the engineering field.

...in the sponsored shopping section of Google, with the sole objective of increasing sales. I intend to use existing content for these ads. Ideal Skills: - Experience in Google Shopping Ads - Understanding of e-commerce and software market - Proven track record of increasing sales through online advertising - Ability to optimize ad performance for maximum ROI - Proficiency in conducting keyword research to target the right audience. India The target market for these ads is exclusively India. The budget for this campaign is $6. The campaign will run for one month. The campaign will target keywords that I have already provided. Please ensure to track the following performance metric: sales. The ads should highlight the authenticity of the Windows activation keys and Office suites ...

...launching a venture in the telecommunications industry and am seeking an experienced freelancer to assist in both the development of innovative technologies and the cultivation of a highly competent and ethical team. Our aim is to not only advance in terms of technological solutions but also to establish a workforce that is customer-focused and upholds strong work ethics. - Technology Development - Research and development of cutting-edge telecommunications technologies. - Collaboration with industry experts to design future-forward tech solutions. - Ensuring all technological advancements align with customer needs and industry standards. - Team Building - Strategizing the recruitment process to attract talented individuals with a passion for telecommunications. - Imp...

I'm looking for a skilled video editor for my cooking show footage. The video was shot with 3 camera angles, and I want an editor who can mix a...video was shot with 3 camera angles, and I want an editor who can mix a fast-paced style with a steadier approach, keeping it engaging but clear. Key Requirements: - Edit together footage from 3 different camera angles - A blend of fast-paced and steady editing styles - Incorporation of animated transitions at key points in the video The ideal candidate would have a keen sense for rhythm and pace, and be able to sync the visuals to an upbeat and energetic background track. Please include examples of your previous work with multi-camera editing, particularly in the cooking or lifestyle genre. Experience with creating animated ...

I'm ...Proficiency in video editing software - Strong understanding of YouTube algorithms and trends - Ability to create visually appealing and engaging content Your skills in crafting compelling visual stories will be pivotal in drawing in subscribers and enhancing brand visibility. The preferred video length is 5-10 minutes. The videos will primarily feature any kind of videos. The videos should have an editing style that is trendy. The videos should feature calm and soothing background music. The videos will primarily feature educational or informational content. The videos will be edited using stock footage and graphics. I am open to stylistic suggestions and influences from popular YouTube formats. I aim to upload videos weekly. I am open to stylistic suggestions ...

I am seeking a skilled freelancer to help me convert my scientific research dissertation into a journal article suitable for submission to a specific journal. This journal primarily publishes original research, so the article will need to be tailored to fit that format. Key Requirements: - Expertise in academic writing and journal publication process. - Strong understanding of scientific research. - Experience in transforming dissertations into journal articles. - Ability to adhere to specific journal's formatting and content guidelines. Please note, the final article will need to be of a quality that meets the standards of my target journal. In the following link a sample of how

I have a collection of pictures from a world-wide trip that I want to e...and Brotherhood, need to be improved to the best possible quality. Requirements: - Most images will need moderate enhancements, but the need will vary. This includes adjustments to brightness, contrast, color, sharpness and clarity. - A small number of images will require design work, such as removing objects or modifying clothes. Again, the need will vary. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in photo editing software (e.g., Photoshop, Lightroom) - Graphic design experience - Ability to adapt to varying needs and levels of enhancement - Attention to detail Please provide a flexible quote, as I may have up to a hundred images, most of which will only need basic improvements. All final images should follow a consist...

...skilled freelancer to edit and rewrite our existing PDF documents, including a brochure and research paper. The successful candidate will also need to create new images that align with our brand identity. Responsibilities Edit and rewrite the content of our brochure and research paper to improve clarity, coherence, and overall flow Ensure the tone and language are consistent with our brand voice Create new images (graphics, illustrations, or infographics) that align with our brand style and enhance the visual appeal of the documents Collaborate with us to ensure the final products meet our expectations Requirements Proven experience in content writing, editing, and graphic design Excellent writing, editing, and design skills Ability to w...

I'm looking for a sleek and modern 3D animation of my program's logo, "Trending 360". The animation should incorporate a microphone and a globe, reflecting the show's focus on trending issues across the entertainment spectrum and beyond. Key Requir...the entertainment spectrum and beyond. Key Requirements: - The animation should have a modern and sleek feel. - I want to be surprised with the color scheme, so please use your creativity and expertise to choose an engaging palette. - The desired animation style includes dynamic movements, smooth transitions, and minimalistic effects. - Ideal skills include 3D animation, logo design, and video editing, with a strong portfolio of previous work in similar styles. Note: Please provide samples of your previous...

I have over 200 books that I need sourced. I will supply pictures of the books and I need you to find their ISBN numbers, the book titles and compile this information into an Excel spreadsheet. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in internet research - Familiarity with ISBN number system - Excellent attention to detail - Proficient in Excel spreadsheet software

...visibility. - Strengthening brand positioning within the renewable industry. - Driving significant lead generation to facilitate business growth. The ideal candidate should have a proven track record in implementing successful SEO strategies, particularly within the solar or renewable energy sectors. Tasks include (but are not limited to): - Comprehensive audit of our current website. - Keyword research tailored to the renewable energy and Australian markets. - Optimization of on-page content and meta tags. - Enhance off-page presence including backlinks from authoritative sites. - Regular performance analytics and reporting with actionable insights. Deliverables: 1. Detailed strategy plan with timelines. 2. Weekly updates on goal achievements toward improved rankings and lead ...

I'm seeking a skilled social media content editor for my architecture and interior design firm's Instagram page. Content Types: - Project showcases - Behind-the-scenes content - Client testimonials (specifically, video testimonials) Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in video editing and social media management - Experience in architecture and interior design field is a plus - Ability to create engaging posts from casual conversations with clients - Expertise in crafting behind-the-scenes and project showcase content The right freelancer will help elevate my firm's online presence and engage our audience with captivating content.

I'm Heshan Kavinda, a freelance writer with extensive experience in writing product descriptions and travel and lifestyle blog posts. Key Tasks: - Craft engaging and informative product descriptions - Write professional and informative travel and lifestyle blog posts Ideal Skills: - Exceptional writing and editing skills - Experience in product description writing - Familiarity with travel and lifestyle topics - Ability to adopt a professional and informative tone I look forward to discussing your project further and helping you connect with your audience.

Dear Freelancers, please read carefully what we need We need you to help us create a pdf ready to fill with data using BULK PDF We need the word or odt file and also the pdf ready to use so we can fill it with BULK PDF You need to add appendix too The file need to be clean without border on the form, same font everywhere, same layout etc.. We started to make the file so maybe it's just some editing We need it now so we need someone who can focus on this task Write piano in your bid to show us that you've read what we need and to help us avoiding auto bids Thanks

I'm seeking a professional familiar with the field of medicine and surgery to help create a PowerPoint presentation and its transcript for an upcoming conference. This presentation will be based on a paper detailing various case studies and patient outcomes. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a PowerPoint presentation adhering to a specific branding or style guide. - Highlight key elements from the case studies including the background and objective, methodology and treatment approach, and results and conclusions. Ideal Skills: - Expertise in medicine and surgery. - Experience with creating conference presentations. - Proficiency in PowerPoint and understanding of specific branding or style guides.

I'm looking for a freelancer who can independently manage and accurately transfer information from various sources into an Excel spreadsheet. The specific sources will include paper documents, spreadsheets, and online forms. The ideal candidate should have experience with data entry, attention to detail, and proficiency in Excel. Key Skills Required: - Data entry - Excel proficiency - Attention to detail

I'm in need of...uplifting' tone, captivating viewers and stirring excitement about the product. Key Requirements: - The inclusion of text overlays at strategic points to emphasize key messages. - Footage of the product, demonstrating its features and benefits in an engaging manner. - The ability to convey a sense of optimism and inspiration throughout the trailer. Ideal Skills: - Expertise in video production and editing. - Proven experience in creating promotional trailers. - Strong understanding of pacing, tone, and visual storytelling. - Creative thinking, able to suggest and implement innovative ideas. This project is perfect for someone with a passion for film and storytelling, who can deliver a product that is not just informative, but also entertaining and comp...

...tailored for Instagram. Video Requirements: - Editing of raw footage into a captivating 1-minute video - Experience in creating content for Instagram is a must - Include accurate and engaging subtitles to enhance video accessibility. - Select and integrate suitable background music to complement the video. - Add text overlays that highlight key points or messages in the video. - Render the final video in high resolution to ensure quality on various devices. - Apply color grading to enhance the visual appeal and consistency of the video. - Ensure the video is cropped to the correct Instagram aspect ratio (e.g., 1:1, 4:5). - Use creative transitions and visual effects to maintain viewer interest. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in video editing software - Creative storytellin...

I'm l...talented Graphic Designer, Video Editor, FX Artist, and Animator to help me create an informative infographic in the format of a short video for social media. Key Requirements: - Design and create a compelling infographic - Utilize animation and special effects to enhance the video - Edit the video to ensure high quality and engaging content Ideal Skills: - Proficient in graphic design and video editing software - Creative with a keen eye for detail - Experience in creating content for social media - Familiar with designing and animating infographics Your work will play a crucial role in promoting our brand on social media, so I need someone who is not only skilled but also understands the dynamics of social media content. Please provide examples of your previous wo...

...Features: A. Core Management: Login: Secure admin login with unique credentials (email and password). Dashboard: Provides an overview of customers, orders, and inquiries, enabling quick management. Manage Product Catalogue/Categories: Allows the admin to add, edit, delete, search, and filter product categories. Manage Product Items: Enables the admin to manage all products, including adding, editing, deleting, searching, and filtering. Manage Customers: Provides tools to add, edit, delete, import/export customer details (Excel format), view related orders/payments, search and filter customers, and view all chats. Coupon Code Management: Allows the admin to create and manage coupon codes. Account Settings/Logout: Admin account settings for notifications, password cha...

I'm looking for a creative, humorous storyteller to craft engaging content for our business and personal LinkedIn presence. You need to be excellent at story telling and have a gift for creating engaging content. Our audience are mostly business professionals, but the tone of voice needs to be casual but professional. Key Responsibilities: - Research ideas for upcoming social and website copies, and suggest new ideas - Write engaging, educational and relatable content aimed at business professionals in our field - Work with our team to manage the social and blog pipeline, as well as create complementary visuals - Create content suitable for a professional platform without losing the humorous touch (no design experience needed) - Regularly deliver fresh, engaging stories to...

I'm seeking an SEO expert to enhance my private chauffeur service's visibility on search engines. The primary goal is to improve our search engine ranking so that we can reach more potential customers. Key Responsibilities: - Keyword Optimization: Research and implement 35 targeted keywords pertaining to the limo service and private chauffeur industry. - Backlink Creation: Generate 350 quality backlinks to boost our site's credibility and search ranking. - On-page + Technical SEO: Execute a comprehensive on-page and technical SEO strategy using a premium plan. - Off-page SEO: Implement effective off-page SEO strategies to broaden our digital footprint. - Content Creation: Write 2 on-site blog articles and 4 off-site articles for backlink creation. The ideal candidat...

I'm looking for a part-time expert to assist with Amazon marketing, focusing mainly on managing and optimizing Sponsored Ads. Key Responsibilities: - Develop and execute strategic ad campaigns to boost product visibility and sales. - Monitor ad performance and adjust strategies as necessary. - Conduct keyword research to maximize ad efficiency. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience with Amazon marketing and Sponsored Ads in particular. - Strong analytical skills to assess ad performance. - Excellent communication skills for regular updates and strategy discussions.

I'm looking for someone based in Saudi Arabia who can receive an electronic product I've shipped and create a simple promotional video for it. Key Responsibilities: - Unbox the product on camera - Highlight its features in a casual, approachable manner - Create a simple, non-professional video with no need for advanced editing or filming techniques The ideal freelancer for this project should: - Be located in Saudi Arabia - No Need To Show He's Face In Camera - Be able to convey product features in an engaging, non-technical way

I’m seeking a LinkedIn specialist to assist with: Data Research: Identify ideal prospects using criteria like profile, industry, and location. Proficiency in LinkedIn Sales Navigator and other tools is required. Profile Evaluation: Analyze prospects to assess fit, interest, and potential need. Strong knowledge of Sales Navigator is essential. Data Filtering: Sort and refine data based on relevance and priority using Sales Navigator and other tools. Data Organization: Organize prospect data into structured formats (e.g., spreadsheets) while ensuring accuracy and consistency. Personalized Messaging: Craft and send tailored connection requests and messages to drive engagement. Expertise in Sales Navigator is a must. If you have proven experience in Linke...

I'm looking help with editing swimming videos for my daughters gcse PE

Storecheckers are a Global Market Research and Mystery Shopping company. We undertake worldwide mystery shopping visits and audits. This assignment is an audit of an Examination Centre, checking that the security standards are being met. You MUST HAVE fluent English skills, and you must be able to communicate in a professional manner and be smart and well-presented, as you will be representing us during the audit. As an auditor, you will arrive at the test center an hour before the start of the exam, give your ID, show a letter of authorization, which we will provide for you beforehand, and tell them what you are there to do. You will then sit with the TCA or the manager and ask a series of questions, and ask to see various things. The audit itself is very simple and easy, as we ...

Storecheckers are a Global Market Research and Mystery Shopping company. We undertake worldwide mystery shopping visits and audits. This assignment is an audit of an Examination Centre, checking that the security standards are being met. You MUST HAVE fluent English skills, and you must be able to communicate in a professional manner and be smart and well-presented, as you will be representing us during the audit. As an auditor, you will arrive at the test center an hour before the start of the exam, give your ID, show a letter of authorization, which we will provide for you beforehand, and tell them what you are there to do. You will then sit with the TCA or the manager and ask a series of questions, and ask to see various things. The audit itself is very simple and easy, as we ...

I'm looking for a professional image editor to enhance my product images by placing them on scenic backgrounds. Key Requirements: - Background editing: Your primary responsibility will be to seamlessly remove the original backgrounds and replace them with custom scenic backgrounds. - Expertise in creating a visually appealing and fitting backdrop for the products. Ideal Candidates: - Proficient in using image editing software - Prior experience in product image editing - Creative mindset to select and implement suitable scenic backgrounds

I am looking for an experienced Django developer to help me build an Optical Link Management System. This project is quite urgent, so I would appreciate quick responses from qualified professionals. Key Features: - User Authentication: The system should have a secure and reliable user authentication process. - Content Editor: A robust content editor is essential for managing the s...system's data. User Access Control: - The system should have three levels of user access: Admin, Editors, and Users. The Admin should have full control, while Editors and Users have limited privileges. Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience with Django is a must. - Prior experience in building similar systems would be highly advantageous. - Strong understanding of user authentication and content editi...

Storecheckers are a Global Market Research and Mystery Shopping company. We undertake worldwide mystery shopping visits and audits. This assignment is an audit of an Examination Centre, checking that the security standards are being met. You MUST HAVE fluent English skills, and you must be able to communicate in a professional manner and be smart and well-presented, as you will be representing us during the audit. As an auditor, you will arrive at the test center an hour before the start of the exam, give your ID, show a letter of authorization, which we will provide for you beforehand, and tell them what you are there to do. You will then sit with the TCA or the manager and ask a series of questions, and ask to see various things. The audit itself is very simple and easy, as we ...

...children and 13 grandkids. -Edit a mix of old and new photos of grandma and the grandkids into the video. -Select and sync the video to a slow and sentimental piece of music. -Deliver the final product in MP4 format. - Add smooth transitions between video clips and photos. - Create an engaging intro title sequence for the birthday video. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: -Video editing expertise, with a portfolio of similar family-oriented projects. -Ability to create a touching narrative through video and sound. -Access to high-quality, royalty-free music. -Experience working with a variety of photo types and quality. The video should be under 5 minutes long. Please include captions or text overlays to highlight key moments and messages. Please use a classic an...

I'm seeking an experienced SEO professional to optimize my Shopify store specifically for the Australian market. Key ...online presence. - Technical SEO: Ensuring the technical aspects of my site are up to standard for optimal search engine performance. Main Goal: - The ultimate aim is to increase organic traffic to my store. Keyword Research: - I currently do not have a specific list of keywords. I need a professional who can assist me with comprehensive keyword research to identify the most effective terms to target. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in eCommerce SEO, particularly with Shopify. - Strong understanding of the Australian market. - Excellent skills in keyword research and backlink building. - Ability to improve search engine ra...

I'm looking for a skilled video editor to create a 5 to 7 minute highlights reel The editing style should be a mix of cinematic and documentary, capturing key moments from the ceremony, reception, preparation, and speeches. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in video editing software - Experience with wedding or event video editing - Ability to create a narrative and emotional arc - Understanding of cinematic and documentary editing styles Please include examples of similar projects you've completed in your proposal.

...a pro-store design. - Implement sleek, classic and simple animations and transitions. The ideal candidate should have: - Extensive experience with Shopify and e-commerce site development. - Strong understanding of UI/UX design principles. - Proven track record of implementing secure payment systems and interactive features. - Skills in SEO and speed optimization. - Ability to conduct product research and implement it effectively. I'm aiming for a website with a responsive, mobile-optimized design, a comprehensive admin panel, social media connectivity, a coupon/discount system, product reviews, variations, and all necessary social media icons. A secure payment integration and a live chat feature are crucial to the project. The design should incorporate subtle and minimal a...

I'm seeking a TikTok expert with an understanding of the algorithm and proven ability to identify and create viral content. Your profile should be solid, showcasing your previous successes on the platform. Key Responsibilities: - Identify and curate trending and potential viral content - Create original,...be solid, showcasing your previous successes on the platform. Key Responsibilities: - Identify and curate trending and potential viral content - Create original, engaging content designed to go viral - Boost my TikTok profile's visibility and engagement Ideal Skills: - In-depth knowledge of TikTok's algorithm - Proven track record of creating viral content - Strong content creation and editing skills Compensation: Salary can be upwards of $1-2k/month on a...

I am in need of a high-quality close-up shot of a car's front for personal use. The primary purpose of this image is for research, so it will be utilized in a variety of contexts related to that. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Photography: Ability to capture a detailed close-up image. - Attention to Detail: Ensuring the image meets the requirements for research purposes. - Understanding of Research Needs: Prior experience or understanding of academic or scientific research could be beneficial.

I am looking for a freelancer who can provide survey data (such as surveys conducted via platforms like SurveyMonkey) along with analysis and related research papers on consumer preferences and consumption habits of ready-to-eat/cooked food. The survey dataset must be sourced from reputed quality journals or reliable sources used for research studies. If the dataset cannot be directly downloaded, a direct access link to access it Please include a sample dataset for reference when you bid the project. Please note: The dataset should be survey-based, not restaurant or hotel sales data (I need consumer behaviour data, not transactional data).

...tracking. ✅ Revenue Model – Subscription tiers, commission-based earnings, e-commerce affiliate tracking. ✅ Success Metrics (KPIs) – User growth, campaign performance, revenue milestones. ✅ User Personas & Roles – Admins, influencers, brands, agencies, compliance officers. ✅ Core Features – Influencer discovery, campaign management, analytics, payment processing, compliance automation. ✅ Basic API Research – Identified key integrations for TikTok, Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, LinkedIn, Shopify, WooCommerce. ✅ Technology Stack (Preliminary) – React.js, Node.js, PostgreSQL, AWS Middle East, Oracle Cloud KSA, STC Cloud. ✅ Regulatory Considerations – VAT compliance (Saudi 15%, UAE 5%), PDPL (Saudi data protection law), GCAM licensing. ...

I need a professional to update my logo's tagline and send it in different sizes and format Ideal Skills and Experience: - Graphic Design - Logo Design - Adobe Illustrator - Typography - Branding Do need to add " s ' to expert so it read experts

I'm looking for a professional Mathematica tutor with a strong background in Mathematics. The purpose of this learning project is to explore advanced mathematical concepts, specifically Calculus and Linear Algebra, using Mathematica for research and academic purposes. Ideal candidates should have: - Proficient knowledge and experience with Mathematica - Strong understanding of Calculus and Linear Algebra - Prior experience in research and academic use of Mathematica - Excellent teaching skills - Proven experience in solving complex mathematical problems - Advanced programming skills in Mathematica The primary goal is to develop a new method involving Calculus and Linear Algebra using Mathematica. The tutoring sessions should be conducted through online video meetings...

I'm looking to get a game-topup website where I can API games from an admin dashboard myself. I have references for this project. Key Features: - The website should support mobile and PC games for top-up. - It should offer payment methods including Credit/Debit Card and Paynow/Paylah. - The design should be minimalist and clean. - The website should allow users to create and manage accounts. - The system should send email notifications for successful top-ups. - Users should be able to view their top-up order history. - Integrating discount coupons for promotional offers can increase user engagement. - Implementing a live chat feature for customer support. Ideal Skills: - Experience in e-commerce website development. - Familiarity with API integration for games. - Strong unde...