Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western Nepal

Neupane, Dinesh; Shrestha, Archana; Mishra, Shiva Raj; Bloch, Joakim; Christensen, Bo; McLachlan, Craig S.; Karki, Arjun; Kallestrup, Per

doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx074

Cited by 43 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, generalizability to the whole nation or other areas of Nepal need to be interpreted cautiously. We anticipate the similar results at national level because previous COBIN studies are consistently proximal to the national estimates for non‐communicable diseases and their risk factors …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This study has important public health implications for Nepal. Given the high prevalence of hypertension, approximately 28% in Nepal, intervening to lower dietary salt intake presents an opportunity to realize significant health benefits at the population level. It is estimated that high systolic blood pressure alone accounts for 45% deaths and 46% disability of cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aim of our study was to estimate the amount of salt intake in Nepal using 24‐hour urine analysis. We randomly selected 500 out of the 2815 total participants enrolled in the COBIN cohort using systematic random sampling technique . One person did not give consent to participate in the study, and 48 were considered incomplete and excluded from the analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections

Neupane

Rijal

Henry

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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High salt (sodium chloride) intake raises blood pressure and increases the risk of developing hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about salt intake in Nepal, and no study has estimated salt consumption from 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion. Participants (n = 451) were recruited from the Community‐Based Management of Non‐Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) cohort in 2018. Salt intake was estimated by analyzing 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate differences in salt intake. The mean (±SD) age and salt intake were 49.6 (±9.8) years and 13.3 (±4.7) g/person/d, respectively. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for female = −2.4; 95% CI: −3.3, −1.4) and younger age (β10 years = −1.4; 95% CI: −1.4, −0.5) and higher BMI (β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.2). A significant association was also found between increase in systolic blood pressure and higher salt intake (β = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.7). While 55% reported that they consumed just the right amount of salt, 98% were consuming more than the WHO recommended salt amount (<5 g/person/d). Daily salt intake in this population was over twice the limit recommended by the WHO, suggesting a substantial need to reduce salt intake in this population. It also supports the need of global initiatives such as WHO's Global Hearts Initiative SHAKE technical package and Resolves to Save Lives for sodium reduction in low‐ and middle‐income countries like Nepal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections

Neupane

Rijal

Henry

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The current study analyzes data from the population‐based survey of “community‐based management of non‐communicable diseases in Nepal (COBIN).” The detailed protocol and methodology of the project have been published elsewhere . The study area is Pokhara Municipality (formerly known as Lekhnath Municipality) in Kaski district of Western Nepal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A history of raised blood pressure, taking prescribed antihypertensive drugs during the past 2 weeks, lifestyle advice given by doctor or health worker concerning lower salt intake, treatment of hypertension with traditional medicine, self‐reported history of CVDs, family history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI; classified as normal [<25 kg/m 2 ], overweight [≥25 kg/m 2 ‐< 30 kg/m 2 ], and obese [≥30 kg/m 2 ]); and hypertension status (classified as normotension: mean systolic BP [SBP] <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP [DBP] <80 mm Hg, prehypertension: mean SBP ≥ 120‐< 140 mm Hg and DBP ≥ 80‐< 90 mm Hg, hypertension: mean SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or a DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or treatment with antihypertensive drug) were included as behavioral and biological variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption in Nepal: Findings from the community‐based management of non‐communicable diseases project in Nepal (COBIN)

Ghimire

Adhikari

Rijal

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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High salt/sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to examine the association between salt consumption and salt‐related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in Nepal. The cross‐sectional data used in this study were collected as part of the community‐based management of non‐communicable diseases project (COBIN) to understand the amount and KAP related to salt consumption in Nepal. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression was performed to assess the association of salt‐related KAP and determinants of high salt consumption in Nepal. The mean per capita salt intake was 8.0 (±3.7) g/day, with 81.6% of the population reporting higher intake than the WHO recommendation of <5 g/day. People of upper castes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5‐0.9], people in large families (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5‐0.7), respondents who were advised to lower salt intake (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4‐0.9) and who checked salt/sodium labels in food (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4‐0.9) were less likely to consume higher amounts of salt. Similarly, people who added extra salt to their food at the table (aOR = 1.4; 95 CI: 1.1‐1.9) and who reported consuming high amounts of salt (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1‐2.3) were more likely to have high salt intake. High salt intake was documented in this population. This study suggests the need for culturally tailored community‐based behavior modification through health education and dietary counseling to effectively reduce salt consumption and thereby support a reduction in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Nepal.

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Pesticide exposure and diabetes mellitus in a semi-urban Nepali population: a cross-sectional study

Hansen

Gyawali

Neupane

et al. 2019

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western Nepal

Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension was found high in western Nepal. A number of risk factors were identified as possible drivers of this burden. Thus, there is an urgent need to address modifiable risk factors in semi-urban settings of western Nepal.

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections

Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption in Nepal: Findings from the community‐based management of non‐communicable diseases project in Nepal (COBIN)

Pesticide exposure and diabetes mellitus in a semi-urban Nepali population: a cross-sectional study

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