Development and differentiation of endothelium
- PMID: 9736244
- DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.06701.x
Development and differentiation of endothelium
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in tissue homeostasis, fibrinolysis, and coagulation; blood-tissue exchange, vasotonus regulation, blood cell activation, and migration; and the vascularization of tissues. The formation of new blood vessels comprises two distinct steps: vasculogenesis, the in situ assembly of capillaries, and angiogenesis, the sprouting of capillaries from preexisting ones. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Its expression is high in the embryonic brain and kidney when angiogenesis occurs and low in the adult brain when angiogenesis is absent. In the kidney, VEGF expression remains high in glomerular podocytes even in the adult. VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (fit-1 and flk-1) are endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinases. Similar to the ligand, expression of these receptors is high during brain and kidney angiogenesis, low in adult brain endothelium, but high in adult glomerular endothelium. Because VEGF is also a vascular permeability factor, the expression in the adult correlates with the low permeability of blood-brain barrier endothelium and the high permeability of fenestrated glomerular endothelium. Although fenestrae formation can be induced in vitro by VEGF and a basal lamina-type extracellular matrix, blood-brain barrier characteristics seem to require the presence of still unknown brain-derived factors.
Similar articles
-
Angiogenesis and endothelial cell function.Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Mar;44(3A):416-7. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994. PMID: 7514414 Review.
-
Differentiation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells.Pathol Biol (Paris). 1998 Mar;46(3):171-5. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1998. PMID: 9769912 Review.
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro.J Cell Biol. 1998 Feb 23;140(4):947-59. doi: 10.1083/jcb.140.4.947. J Cell Biol. 1998. PMID: 9472045 Free PMC article.
-
Kidney vasculogenesis and angiogenesis: role of vascular endothelial growth factor.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 1999 Jul-Aug;3(4):149-53. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 1999. PMID: 11073120 Review.
-
Ovarian steroids in endometrial angiogenesis.Steroids. 2000 Oct-Nov;65(10-11):599-603. doi: 10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00117-3. Steroids. 2000. PMID: 11108865
Cited by
-
An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 27;104(13):5638-43. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611721104. Epub 2007 Mar 20. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007. PMID: 17374720 Free PMC article.
-
An in vitro model of antibody-mediated injury to glomerular endothelial cells: Upregulation of MHC class II and adhesion molecules.Transpl Immunol. 2020 Feb;58:101261. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101261. Epub 2019 Dec 27. Transpl Immunol. 2020. PMID: 31887408 Free PMC article.
-
Arteriogenesis of the Spinal Cord-The Network Challenge.Cells. 2020 Feb 22;9(2):501. doi: 10.3390/cells9020501. Cells. 2020. PMID: 32098337 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Magnetic resonance imaging and cell-based neurorestorative therapy after brain injury.Neural Regen Res. 2016 Jan;11(1):7-14. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.169603. Neural Regen Res. 2016. PMID: 26981068 Free PMC article.
-
Selective tissue targeting of synthetic nucleic acid drugs.J Clin Invest. 2019 Mar 1;129(3):915-925. doi: 10.1172/JCI125228. Epub 2019 Jan 28. J Clin Invest. 2019. PMID: 30688661 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
