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Review
. 1997 Nov 3;139(3):575-8.
doi: 10.1083/jcb.139.3.575.

Integrins, oncogenes, and anchorage independence

M A Schwartz  1
Affiliations
Review

Integrins, oncogenes, and anchorage independence

M A Schwartz. J Cell Biol. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Convergence of integrin and growth factor receptor pathways. Integrin-mediated adhesion regulates transmission of growth factor receptor signals in at least four steps. These steps are: autophosphorylation and activation of the receptors themselves; hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, leading to activation of protein kinase C (PKC); activation of Raf and/or MEK in the MAP kinase pathway; and activation of PI 3-kinase, leading to activation of p70RSK and Akt protein kinases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oncogenes and signaling pathways. (A) General scheme for convergence of integrin and growth factor–dependent pathways in which both are required for activation of gene expression and cell growth. (B) Constitutive activation is indicated by the boldface arrow. Activation of a step on the integrin arm of a pathway should lead to anchorage-independent growth, as illustrated by the behavior of Rho, Bcr-Abl, and ILK. Activation of a step on the growth factor receptor arm of the pathway should lead to serum independence. Activation of a step after convergence should induce both anchorage- and serum-independent growth.
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