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. 1996 Sep;70(9):5916-21.
doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.9.5916-5921.1996.

Directional budding of human immunodeficiency virus from monocytes

M E Perotti  1 , X Tan, D M Phillips
Affiliations

Directional budding of human immunodeficiency virus from monocytes

M E Perotti et al. J Virol. 1996 Sep.

Abstract

Time-lapse cinematography revealed that activated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected monocytes crawl along surfaces, putting forward a leading pseudopod. Scanning electron micrographs showed monocyte pseudopods associated with spherical structures the size of HIV virions, and transmission electron micrographs revealed HIV virions budding from pseudopods. Filamentous actin (F-actin) was localized by electron microscopy in the pseudopod by heavy meromyosin decoration. Colocalization of F-actin and p24 viral antigen by light microscopy immunofluorescence indicated that F-actin and virus were present on the same pseudopod. These observations indicate that monocytes produce virus from a leading pseudopod. We suggest that HIV secretion at the leading edges of donor monocytes/macrophages may be an efficient way for HIV to infect target cells.

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