Declaration of interests SB, CE, DMR-S, ElM, IG, KR-S, and HAR are employees of the CDAF. The CDAF has received funding from the John C Martin Foundation, ZeShan Foundation, The Hepatitis Fund, Gilead Sciences, and AbbVie. NAT reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, Genentech, and Roche; consulting fees from Exigo Management, Enyo Pharma, and Pharmaceutical Product Development; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the University of Maryland. FT reports institutional research funding from Allergan, Inventiva, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences; and consulting fees or honoraria for lectures from Allergan, Esanum, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Falk, Boehringer, Galapagos, Intercept, Inventiva, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, and Ionis. Additionally, FT reports being Co-Editor at the Journal of Hepatology. AC reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. GJD reports grants or contracts from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck. AA reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Intercept, and Mylan. InA reports an investigator-initiated study grant to their institution from Gilead Sciences; consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline; payment or honoraria for lectures from Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and Merck; and advisory board participation for Gilead Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline. MAB reports contracts for lectures or presentations, with no impact on the contents, from Gilead Sciences; and funding from AbbVie for a research project, not for personal use and with no impact on the contents or reporting. SA reports research grants from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; honoraria for lectures or consultancy from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. MIA reports research funding from Prenetics and Pfizer. MJB reports research support and consulting fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Specialty Rx Solutions. KAB reports research support to their institution in the form of past grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; personal consulting fees for advisory board participation from Gilead; payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus from Gilead; and leadership or fiduciary roles in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Foundation (board member) and Children's Liver Disease Foundation (board member). RSBJr reports grants and research support from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. PB reports research grants from Gilead Sciences; speaker's fees from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and travel grants from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. PB is the Chair of Swiss Hepatitis and sits on the board of the Swiss Association for the Medical Management in Substance Users and the Swiss Hepatitis C Association. MRB reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Eisai–Merck Sharp & Dohme; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Roche, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Eisai–Merck Sharp & Dohme. MRB is the coordinator of the working group for the implementation of the regional government resolution (number 397; April, 2018) for HCV infection control in Tuscany, Italy. DB reports travel grants from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences and research grants from Gilead Sciences. MarB reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; consulting fees from Gilead Sciences; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. JoC reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. HLYC reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Aligos, Arbutus, Hepion, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Vir Biotechnology, Vaccitach, Virion Ther, and Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Viatris, and Roche; and support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. HC reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences. KJC reports support for the present manuscript from the Philippine Department of Health and the Philippine Council of Health Research and Development. PBC reports financial support for studies not related to the current manuscript from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Echosens. W-LC reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, and PharmaEssentia. VC reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead Sciences, and R-Pharm. LEC reports speakers bureau for Gilead Sciences, Bristol, AbbVie, Roche, and Bayer; and collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Viking, Novonordisk, Avant Sante, Madrigal, and Cellpharma. MC reports personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Spring Bank Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and Falk Foundation; and grants and personal fees from Roche. MEC reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Liberum Independent Medical Education. JaC reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Intercept Pharmaceuticals; consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Intercept, and Shionogui; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Rubio, Intercept, Amgen, and AbbVie; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; acting as President of Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva; and receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Echosens. VL reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; consulting fees from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. SyD reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. A-SD reports honoraria for lectures or consultancy from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. MHE-S reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Abbott, and Biotest; and support for meeting attendance or travel from the EASL International Liver Congress 2019. RF reports grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Roche. SF reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Merck, and AOP Orphan; support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AOP Orphan and Swedish Orphan Biovitrum. EJG reports payment or honoraria for strategic advisory board participation from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Janssen; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Aligos, Janssen, and Assembly. JG-S reports consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences. LSG reports speaker fees and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie. PMG reports consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. MGo reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences; and participation on an advisory board for Gilead Sciences. MGo is on the Nordic advisory board related to COVID-19. JG reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Camurus, Cepheid, Hologic, and Indivior; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Cepheid. JG is the President of the International Network on Health and Hepatitis in Substance Users. JG has received HCV testing platforms and tests from Cepheid and HCV tests from Hologic. MGs reports grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and speaking honoraria or advisory board fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen, Roche, Intercept, Norgine, AstraZeneca, Falk, and Shionogi. AH reports support for the present manuscript and grants from Gilead Sciences to the Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases. AH also reports payment or honoraria for educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie as the Co-Chair for the Hepatitis B and C Public Policy Association. MEH reports investigator-initiated grant funding from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. HH reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and support for participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. IH reports payment for presentations from AbbVie. PJ reports honoraria for lectures from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. JeJ reports consulting fees from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. AnJ reports research support in the form of grants or contracts from AbbVie; and honoraria for lectures from Gilead Sciences. AgJ reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Gilead Sciences. MaK reports payment to their institution in the form of grants or contracts from the Gilead Sciences Fellowship 2020; and payments made to them for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Nordic Drugs, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. LAK reports speaker and teaching grants from Gilead Sciences Science and AbbVie. MeK reports institutional grants or contracts from Roche, Hologic, and Siemens. PK reports payment or honoraria for lectures from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences Slovakia. DL reports unpaid leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee, or advocacy groups including the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy and the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board. JL reports grants and speaker fees from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Gilead Sciences. RTM reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Bayer; support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Bayer; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Bayer. SMe reports support for meeting attendance or travel in the form of travel expense from Rojan Pharma; and stock or stock options with Rojan Pharma. CM reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Astellas, Intercept, and Bayer; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. BM reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation; consulting fees from Alexion, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Intercept, Triogen, and AstraZeneca; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Roche, AstraZeneca, and AbbVie; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences; and acting as Co-President of the Swiss Society of Gastroenterology. YAN reports grants or contracts from the Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination and Gilead Sciences. FN reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Roche, and AbbVie; support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Genfit. SiO reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences. JPO reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Mylan Philippines and Menarini Philippines. MO reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Bayer, and Roche. ALØ reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; consulting fees from AbbVie; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie. CQP reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences. GVP reports serving as an advisor or lecturer for AbbVie, Dicerna, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Roche; and research grants from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. MP-R reports support for the present manuscript from Gilead Sciences; consulting fees from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences. MGP reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences and Myralis; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences. MGP is serving as a member of the new directory of the Brazilian Hepatology Society starting in January, 2022. AlR reports grants or contracts from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Intercept and Merck; consulting fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Intercept; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Amgen, Novo Nordisk, and Novartis; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, and Novartis; and stock or stock options with AbbVie. GKMMR reports research grants from AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and has acted as a consultant or advisor for AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. LRR reports grant funding from Bayer, Boston Scientific, Exact Sciences, Gilead Sciences, Glycotest, Redhill Biopharma, Target PharmaSolutions, and FUJIFILM Medical Systems; and serving on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eisai, Exact Sciences, Gilead Sciences, QED Therapeutics, and TAVEC. SKR reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and Eisai; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AstraZeneca. OS reports serving as a lecturer or speaker for Merck Sharp & Dohme, AbbVie, and Gilead Sciences. RiiS reports completing sponsored lectures for AbbVie and Merck Sharp & Dohme. FMS reports grants from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; serving as a consultant for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Merck Sharpe Dohme; and speaker fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Merck Sharpe Dohme. CS reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, Merck or Merck Sharp & Dohme, and AbbVie; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Merck or Merck Sharp & Dohme, and AbbVie. KS reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Expopoint, Dynamicom Education, Lundbeck, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Ruma, Orion, Reckitt Benckiser, Professio, and Unimedic Pharma; support for meeting attendance or travel from Azanta, Lundbeck, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Invidior, Camurus, and AbbVie; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Invidior, Azanta, Nordic Drugs, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Unimedic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Camurus, and Takeda; and membership of the Division for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services at the Council for Choices in Health Care in Finland (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health of Finland, 2018–19), member of Finland's National Hepatitis C Strategy Group (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health of Finland, 2017–19) and member of Finland's HIV and HCV Expert Group (National Institute for Health and Welfare of Finland, 2017–20). CWS reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and Roche Diagnostics. JS reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, AOP Orphan, AbbVie, Herbacos Recordati, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and AOP Orphan; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AOP Orphan, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and Alnylam. RES reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie; support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Roche, and Gilead Sciences. CAMS reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie; leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid for the New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology. VS reports grants from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. IT reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and Gilead Sciences; and support for meeting attendance or travel from AbbVie and Merck Sharp & Dohme. KT reports grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Roche. DAMCV reports grants or contracts from the US National Institutes of Health, Gilead Sciences, and ViiV Healthcare. HVV reports the following issued patents: glycomics on PNF after liver transplantation (patent number WO/2017/001600 A1); and glycomics on HCC recurrence after liver transplantation (patent number WO/2021/191372 A1). TV reports grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and AbbVie; consulting fees from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and support for meeting attendance or travel from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. FGV reports travel support from Gador Argentina for the International Liver Transplantation Society Congress (2018 and 2019) and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Liver Meeting (2018 and 2019); leadership or fiduciary roles in the non-profit foundation President Fundacion para la Docencia e Investigacion de las Enfermedades del Higado. AV reports speaker fees for Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. NW reports unrestricted grants for research from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; and being a clinical investigator, lecturer, or member of advisory boards for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. VW-SW reports research grants from Gilead Sciences; consultancy for AbbVie, Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Inventiva, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, ProSciento, Sagimet Biosciences, Target PharmaSolutions, and Terns Pharmaceuticals; honoraria for lectures for Abbott, AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, and Novo Nordisk; co-founder of Illuminatio Medical Technology. SZ reports advisory boards or speaker's bureau for AbbVie, BioMarin, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Janssen, Merck or Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Swedish Orphan Biovitrum. HAR reports payments to their institution for serving as a member of advisory boards for Janssen, Roche, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Abbott, Merck, and VBI Vaccines; and serving as an unpaid member of the board for CDA Foundation. All other authors declare no competing interests.