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Review
. 2022 Jan 30;23(3):1617.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23031617.

Phytomedicines to Target Hepatitis B Virus DNA Replication: Current Limitations and Future Approaches

Rahila Zannat Sadiea  1 , Shahnaj Sultana  1 , Bijan Mohon Chaki  2 , Tasnim Islam  1 , Sharmy Dash  3 , Sharmin Akter  4 , Md Sayeedul Islam  5 , Taheruzzaman Kazi  6 , Abir Nagata  6 , Rocco Spagnuolo  7 , Rosellina Margherita Mancina  8 , Md Golzar Hossain  1
Affiliations
Review

Phytomedicines to Target Hepatitis B Virus DNA Replication: Current Limitations and Future Approaches

Rahila Zannat Sadiea et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatitis, and may lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 296 million people worldwide are carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Various nucleos(t)ide analogs, which specifically suppress viral replication, are the main treatment agents for HBV infection. However, the development of drug-resistant HBV strains due to viral genomic mutations in genes encoding the polymerase protein is a major obstacle to HBV treatment. In addition, adverse effects can occur in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs. Thus, alternative anti-HBV drugs of plant origin are being investigated as they exhibit excellent safety profiles and have few or no side effects. In this study, phytomedicines/phytochemicals exerting significant inhibitory effects on HBV by interfering with its replication were reviewed based on different compound groups. In addition, the chemical structures of these compounds were developed. This will facilitate their commercial synthesis and further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects. The limitations of compounds previously screened for their anti-HBV effect, as well as future approaches to anti-HBV research, have also been discussed.

Keywords: DNA replication; future approaches; hepatitis B virus; limitations; phytomedicines/phytochemicals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of different terpenoid compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of different terpenoid compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of flavonoid compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of some phenolic and polyphenolic compounds of plant origin that affect HBV DNA replication.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of some enyne compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of some lactone compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of some lignan compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structures of some xanthone compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of some tropolone compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chemical structure of a polysaccharide compound affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Chemical structures of other compounds affecting HBV DNA replication.
Figure 11
Figure 11
HBV replication cycle showing the possible steps in the DNA replication process that can be affected by phytomedicines/phytochemicals. The “?” mark indicates the possible steps where the phytomedicines may show inhibitory activity towards HBV DNA replication.
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