The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01701-3

Review

. 2022 Jan 1;399(10319):61-116.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01701-3. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

Tom H Karlsen¹, Nick Sheron², Shira Zelber-Sagi³, Patrizia Carrieri⁴, Geoffrey Dusheiko⁵, Elisabetta Bugianesi⁶, Rachel Pryke⁷, Sharon J Hutchinson⁸, Bruno Sangro⁹, Natasha K Martin¹⁰, Michele Cecchini¹¹, Mae Ashworth Dirac¹², Annalisa Belloni¹³, Miquel Serra-Burriel¹⁴, Cyriel Y Ponsioen¹⁵, Brittney Sheena¹⁶, Alienor Lerouge¹¹, Marion Devaux¹¹, Nick Scott¹⁷, Margaret Hellard¹⁸, Henkjan J Verkade¹⁹, Ekkehard Sturm²⁰, Giulio Marchesini²¹, Hannele Yki-Järvinen²², Chris D Byrne²³, Giovanni Targher²⁴, Aviad Tur-Sinai²⁵, Damon Barrett²⁶, Michael Ninburg²⁷, Tatjana Reic²⁸, Alison Taylor²⁹, Tim Rhodes³⁰, Carla Treloar³¹, Claus Petersen³², Christoph Schramm³³, Robert Flisiak³⁴, Marieta Y Simonova³⁵, Albert Pares³⁶, Philip Johnson³⁷, Alessandro Cucchetti³⁸, Isabel Graupera³⁹, Christos Lionis⁴⁰, Elisa Pose⁴¹, Núria Fabrellas⁴², Ann T Ma⁴³, Juan M Mendive⁴⁴, Vincenzo Mazzaferro⁴⁵, Harry Rutter⁴⁶, Helena Cortez-Pinto⁴⁷, Deirdre Kelly⁴⁸, Robyn Burton⁴⁹, Jeffrey V Lazarus⁵⁰, Pere Ginès³⁹, Maria Buti⁵¹, Philip N Newsome⁵², Patrizia Burra⁵³, Michael P Manns⁵⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Transplantation Medicine and Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: t.h.karlsen@medisin.uio.no.
² Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, Kings College London, London, UK.
³ School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁴ Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Marseille, France.
⁵ School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
⁶ Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁷ Bewdley Medical Centre, Bewdley, UK.
⁸ School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK; Clinical and Protecting Health Directorate, Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
⁹ Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
¹¹ Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.
¹² Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹³ Health Economics and Modelling Division, Public Health England, London, UK.
¹⁴ Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁵ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
¹⁶ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁷ Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹⁸ Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹⁹ Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
²⁰ Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
²¹ IRCCS-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
²² Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
²³ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
²⁴ Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁵ Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel.
²⁶ School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²⁷ World Hepatitis Alliance, London, UK.
²⁸ European Liver Patients Organization, Brussels, Belgium; Croatian Society for Liver Diseases-Hepatos, Split, Croatia.
²⁹ Children's Liver Disease Foundation, Birmingham, UK.
³⁰ London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
³¹ Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
³² Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
³³ Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
³⁵ Department of Gastroenterology, HPB Surgery and Transplantation, Clinic of Gastroentrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
³⁶ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain.
³⁷ Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
³⁸ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³⁹ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁰ Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
⁴¹ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴³ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁴ Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; La Mina Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁵ HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Foundation (INT), Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
⁴⁷ Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia and Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁴⁸ Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital and University of Birmingham, UK.
⁴⁹ Alcohol, Drugs, Tobacco and Justice Division, Public Health England, London, UK.
⁵⁰ Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵¹ CIBEREHD del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁵³ Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
⁵⁴ Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

PMID: 34863359
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01701-3

Free article

Review

The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

Tom H Karlsen et al. Lancet. 2022.

Free article

. 2022 Jan 1;399(10319):61-116.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01701-3. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Transplantation Medicine and Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: t.h.karlsen@medisin.uio.no.
² Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, Kings College London, London, UK.
³ School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁴ Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Marseille, France.
⁵ School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
⁶ Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁷ Bewdley Medical Centre, Bewdley, UK.
⁸ School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK; Clinical and Protecting Health Directorate, Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
⁹ Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
¹¹ Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.
¹² Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹³ Health Economics and Modelling Division, Public Health England, London, UK.
¹⁴ Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁵ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
¹⁶ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁷ Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹⁸ Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
¹⁹ Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
²⁰ Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
²¹ IRCCS-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
²² Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
²³ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
²⁴ Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁵ Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel.
²⁶ School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²⁷ World Hepatitis Alliance, London, UK.
²⁸ European Liver Patients Organization, Brussels, Belgium; Croatian Society for Liver Diseases-Hepatos, Split, Croatia.
²⁹ Children's Liver Disease Foundation, Birmingham, UK.
³⁰ London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
³¹ Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
³² Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
³³ Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
³⁵ Department of Gastroenterology, HPB Surgery and Transplantation, Clinic of Gastroentrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
³⁶ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain.
³⁷ Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
³⁸ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
³⁹ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁰ Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
⁴¹ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
⁴³ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁴ Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; La Mina Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁵ HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Foundation (INT), Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
⁴⁷ Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia and Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁴⁸ Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital and University of Birmingham, UK.
⁴⁹ Alcohol, Drugs, Tobacco and Justice Division, Public Health England, London, UK.
⁵⁰ Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵¹ CIBEREHD del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁵³ Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
⁵⁴ Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

PMID: 34863359
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01701-3

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations of interests IG received support from Fundacion de Investigacion sanitaria and was cofunded by Instituto Carlos III for the present manuscript; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Intercept, and AbbVie; and support for attending meetings or travel from Intercept and Gilead Sciences. EB received grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences; received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and Novo Nordisk; and participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Inventiva, and Novo Nordisk. MC received grants or contracts and support for attending meetings or travel from the OECD programme of work for public health. RF received grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Roche, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Janssen, and Pfizer; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and AdamedPG; and support for attending meetings or travel from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. JVL received grants or contracts from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Janssen, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. AL received grants or contracts from the OECD programme of work for public health, which is supported by Ministries of Health, National Governmental Institutions, and intergovernmental organisations, as well as support to present results from OECD analyses to meetings, seminars, and workshops. CL received grants or contracts from the University of Oxford, UK National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training, and Horizon 2020 of the European Commission; received royalties or licenses from and has patents planned, issued, or pending with Olvos Science (Cretan Iama); received payment for expert testimony from WHO and the European Commission; and participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer Hellas, Vianex. MPM received grants or contracts from AbbVie, Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr Falk Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche; received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr Falk Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, and Roche; received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr Falk Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche; received support for attending meetings or travel from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dr Falk Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche; participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Eiger, Dr Falk Pharma, Gilead Sciences, and Roche; and is Associate Editor for Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. NKM received grants or contracts from Merck Sharp & Dohme and Gilead Sciences. MN received grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, AbbVie, and Janssen; and was President of the World Hepatitis Alliance (2018–20). CYP received grants or contracts from Takeda, Pliant, and Gilead Sciences; consulting fees from Pliant and Shire (Takeda); and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Takeda, Tillotts Pharma, and Pfizer. BSa received grants or contracts from Bristol Myers Squibb and Sirtex Medical; received consulting fees from Adaptimmune, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, BTG, Sirtex Medical, TERUMO, H3 Biomedicine, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, and Roche; received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sirtex Medical, TERUMO, Incyte, and Ipsen; and participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Adaptimmune, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, BTG, Sirtex Medical, TERUMO, H3 Biomedicine, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, and Roche. CS received grants or contracts from BiomX and Galapagos; consulting fees from BiomX; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Falk Foundation. NSc received grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences. MS-B received grants or contracts from the European Commission. CT received grants or contracts from Merck Sharp & Dohme; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. RB received consulting fees from WHO. HC-P received consulting fees from Orphalan; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Orphalan, Novo Nordisk, GENFIT, Promethera Biosciences, and Intercept. GD received consulting fees from Aligos Therapeutics, Roche, Arbutus Biopharma, Gilead Sciences, Shionogi, Antios Therapeutics; received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences; and participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Janssen, Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, and Aligos Therapeutics. THK received consulting fees from Engitix and Intercept; has stock or stock options in Ultimovacs; received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences, Novartis, and AlfaSigma; and is on the board of the Biomedical Alliance in Europe. ES received consulting fees from Albireo, Mirum, and Alexion; received support for attending meetings or travel from Astellas; participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Albireo, Alexion, and Mirum; and received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Albireo. PB received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Kedrion Biopharma, Biotest, and Chiesi Farmaceutici. MB received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie. SJH received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead Sciences. NF participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Intercept in relation to NAFLD. GM participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards for Gilead Sciences, Novartis, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Comment in

Tom Hemming Karlsen: hepatologist with a public health message.
Watts G. Watts G. Lancet. 2022 Jan 1;399(10319):18. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02746-X. Epub 2021 Dec 2. Lancet. 2022. PMID: 34863356 No abstract available.
An urgent challenge for Europe: from tackling liver diseases to protecting liver health.
Kleinert S, Horton R. Kleinert S, et al. Lancet. 2022 Jan 1;399(10319):7-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02726-4. Epub 2021 Dec 2. Lancet. 2022. PMID: 34863357 No abstract available.
Liver disease: at the heart of public health challenges for Europe in the 21st century.
Cooke GS, Nayagam S. Cooke GS, et al. Lancet. 2022 Jan 1;399(10319):9-10. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02728-8. Epub 2021 Dec 2. Lancet. 2022. PMID: 34863361 No abstract available.

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The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

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The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

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