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. 2021 Oct 30:249:104358.
doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104358. Epub 2021 Aug 25.

Identification of novel ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 cleavage sites in versican using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach

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Identification of novel ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 cleavage sites in versican using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach

Daniel R Martin et al. J Proteomics. .

Abstract

The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican is important for embryonic development and several human disorders. The versican V1 splice isoform is widely expressed and cleaved by ADAMTS proteases at a well-characterized site, Glu441-Ala442. Since ADAMTS proteases cleave the homologous proteoglycan aggrecan at multiple sites, we hypothesized that additional cleavage sites existed within versican. We report a quantitative label-free approach that ranks abundance of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-identified semi-tryptic peptides after versican digestion by ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 to identify site-specific cleavages. Recombinant purified versican V1 constructs were digested with the recombinant full-length proteases, using catalytically inactive mutant proteases in control digests. Semi-tryptic peptide abundance ratios determined by LC-MS/MS in ADAMTS:control digests were compared to the mean of all identified peptides to obtain a z-score by which outlier peptides were ranked, using semi-tryptic peptides identifying Glu441 -Ala442 cleavage as the benchmark. Tryptic peptides with higher abundance in control digests supported cleavage site identification. We identified several novel cleavage sites supporting the ADAMTS1/4/5 cleavage site preference for a P1-Glu residue in proteoglycan substrates. Digestion of proteins in vitro and application of this z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for mapping protease cleavage sites using label-free proteomics. SIGNIFICANCE: Versican abundance and turnover are relevant to the pathogenesis of several human disorders. Versican is cleaved by A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) family members at Glu441-Ala442, generating a bioactive proteoform called versikine, but additional cleavage sites and the site-specificity of individual ADAMTS proteases is unexplored. Here, we used a label-free proteomics strategy to identify versican cleavage sites for 3 ADAMTS proteases, applying a novel z-score-based statistical approach to compare the protease digests of versican to controls (digests with inactive protease) using the known protease cleavage site as a benchmark. We identified 21 novel cleavage sites that had a comparable z-score to the benchmark. Given the functional significance of versikine, they represent potentially significant cleavages and helped to refine a substrate site preference for each protease.The z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for discovery of site-specific cleavages within an purified protein or small ensemble of proteins using any protease.

Keywords: ADAMTS; Metalloprotease; Proteoglycan; Proteolysis; Terminomics; Versican.

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Conflict of interest statement

conflicts of interest

None of the authors have any conflicts of interest in relation to this work.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Experimental strategy.
A. Versican constructs used in the present analysis. GAG chains are indicated with thin vertical lines. B. Schematic of the experimental design, illustrated with a hypothetical example comparing digestion with an active ADAMTS protease vs a catalytically inactive control, followed by cleavage site identification using label-free proteomics
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Digestion of versican V1–5GAG with ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
V1–5GAG was digested with A. ADAMTS1, B. ADAMTS4, and C. ADAMTS5 for 2 h at 37°C. Semi-tryptic peptides present at higher levels in digests with the active proteases identified the cleavage sites that are shown in the left-hand panels in A-C, whereas the panels on the right show tryptic peptides having higher abundance in the control digests.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Digestion of versican V1 with ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
Versican V1 was digested with A. ADAMTS1, B. ADAMTS4, and C. ADAMTS5 for 2 h at 37°C. Semi-tryptic peptides present at higher levels in the digest with the active proteases identified the cleavage sites that are shown in the left-hand panels in A-C, whereas the panels on the right show tryptic peptides having higher abundance in the control digests. * indicates peptides that were also found in the V1–5GAG digest in Figure 2.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Overview of ADAMTS cleavage sites in versican.
Putative ADAMTS-mediated cleavages identified by the z-score method are shown on a graphic representation of versican V1. The canonical cleavage site (E441↓A442) is underlined and labeled in black lettering.

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