Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status
- PMID: 34256014
- PMCID: PMC9020749
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019
Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status
Abstract
Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn can impact the immune system. Here, we determined how two microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber and fermented foods, influence the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study (n = 18/arm) combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found diet-specific effects. The high-fiber diet increased microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) despite stable microbial community diversity. Although cytokine response score (primary outcome) was unchanged, three distinct immunological trajectories in high-fiber consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented-food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in industrialized society.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03275662.
Keywords: CAZymes; CyTOF; fermented food; fiber diet; immune system; immune system profiling; inflammation; microbiome; nutrition; proteomics.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of interests H.C.W. is a founder and shareholder of Interface Biosciences. W.V.T. is a founder and shareholder of Interface Biosciences. J.L.S. is a founder, shareholder, and on the scientific advisory board of January AI and Novome Biotechnologies.
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Comment in
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Microbiome-targeted diets that alter immune status.Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Sep;18(9):594. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00509-2. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021. PMID: 34354265 No abstract available.
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Fe, fi, fo, fum, I smell the diet of a healthy human.Cell. 2021 Aug 5;184(16):4107-4109. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.011. Cell. 2021. PMID: 34358465
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Targeted diets for the gut microbiota and the potential cardiovascular effects.Cardiovasc Res. 2021 Sep 28;117(11):e135-e137. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab276. Cardiovasc Res. 2021. PMID: 34477831 No abstract available.
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