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. 2021 May 12;21(1):894.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10907-5.

Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Xingxing Zhang #  1 , Qingle Zeng #  2 , Wenwen Cai  1 , Weiqing Ruan  3
Affiliations

Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Xingxing Zhang et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is an important global health problem. In this study we aimed to analyze trends in cervical cancer at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019, to inform health service decision-making.

Methods: Data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, 2019. Trends in cervical cancer burden were assessed based on estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR).

Results: Globally, decreasing trends were observed in incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of cervical cancer from 1990 to 2019, with respective EAPCs of - 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.41 to - 0.34), - 0.93 (95%CI: - 0.98 to - 0.88), and - 0.95 (95 CI%: - 1.00 to - 0.90). Meanwhile, decreasing trends were detected in most sociodemographic index (SDI) areas and geographic regions, particularly death and DALYs in Central Latin America, with respective EAPCs of - 2.61 (95% CI: - 2.76 to - 2.46) and - 2.48 (95% CI: - 2.63 to - 2.32); hhowever, a pronounced increasing trend in incidence occurred in East Asia (EAPC = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.55). At the national level, decreasing trends in cervical cancer were observed in most countries/territories, particularly DALYs in the Maldives (EAPC = - 5.06; 95% CI: - 5.40 to - 4.72), Whereas increasing trends were detected in Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Bulgaria.

Conclusions: Slowly decreasing trends in cervical cancer were detected worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Cervical cancer remains a substantial health problem for women globally, requiring more effective prevention and control strategies.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Global Health; Global burden of disease; Health services; Quality-adjusted life years.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The trends in incidence, death, and DALYs of cervical cancer globally, and in SDI areas and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. SDI, sociodemographic index; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The distribution of the incident number of cervical cancer worldwide, and in SDI areas and geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. a the incident number in age groups; b the ASR in SDI areas; c the incident number in geographical regions. SDI, sociodemographic index; ASR, age-standardized rate
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The distribution of ASR, percentage changes in number, and EAPCs of cervical cancer incidence at the national level, 1990–2019. The follows were a the ASR in 2019; b the percentage changes in number between 2000 and 2019; c the EAPCs in countries/territories, respectively. Countries/territories with an extreme value were annotated. ASR, age-standardized rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The correlation between EAPCs and ASR in 1990 at the national level. The EAPCs of death (a), and DALYs (b) had positive associations with ASR in 1990, respectively. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. The size of circle is increased with the numbers in 1990. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardized rate. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The correlation between EAPCs and HDI in 2019 at the national level. The EAPCs of incidence (a), death (b), and DALYs (c) had negative associations with HDI in 2019, respectively. The association was calculated with Pearson correlation analysis. The size of circle is increased with the numbers in 2019. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardized rate. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years
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