Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

doi:10.3390/biom11040543

Review

. 2021 Apr 8;11(4):543.

doi: 10.3390/biom11040543.

Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Julie Gregory¹, Yasaswi V Vengalasetti², Dale E Bredesen^{1

3}, Rammohan V Rao^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA.
² College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
³ Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
⁴ California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA.

PMID: 33917843
PMCID: PMC8068256
DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543

Review

Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Julie Gregory et al. Biomolecules. 2021.

. 2021 Apr 8;11(4):543.

doi: 10.3390/biom11040543.

Authors

Julie Gregory¹, Yasaswi V Vengalasetti², Dale E Bredesen^{1

3}, Rammohan V Rao^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA.
² College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
³ Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
⁴ California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA.

PMID: 33917843
PMCID: PMC8068256
DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543

Abstract

Background-Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods-This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and pre-Alzheimer's disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions-Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; ashwagandha; brahmi; cat’s claw; ginkgo biloba; gotu kola; herbs; lion’s mane; neurodegeneration; saffron; shankhpushpi; triphala; turmeric.

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Conflict of interest statement

This manuscript is not under consideration by another journal, nor has it been published. None of the authors have any competing financial interest.

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References

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[1] 2020 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2020 doi: 10.1002/alz.12068. - DOI - PubMed

[2] 2020 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2020 doi: 10.1002/alz.12068. - DOI - PubMed

[3] El-Hayek Y.H., Wiley R.E., Khoury C.P., Daya R.P., Ballard C., Evans A.R., Karran M., Molinuevo J.L., Norton M., Atri A. Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70:323–341. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190426. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] El-Hayek Y.H., Wiley R.E., Khoury C.P., Daya R.P., Ballard C., Evans A.R., Karran M., Molinuevo J.L., Norton M., Atri A. Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing the Global Socioeconomic Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias and Strategic Implications for Stakeholders. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70:323–341. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190426. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] James B.D., Leurgans S.E., Hebert L.E., Scherr P.A., Yaffe K., Bennett D.A. Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States. Neurology. 2014;82:1045–1050. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000240. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] James B.D., Leurgans S.E., Hebert L.E., Scherr P.A., Yaffe K., Bennett D.A. Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States. Neurology. 2014;82:1045–1050. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000240. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Selkoe D.J., Hardy J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease at 25 years. EMBO Mol. Med. 2016;8:595–608. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201606210. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Selkoe D.J., Hardy J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease at 25 years. EMBO Mol. Med. 2016;8:595–608. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201606210. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Murphy M.P., LeVine H., 3rd Alzheimer’s disease and the amyloid-beta peptide. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010;19:311–323. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1221. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Murphy M.P., LeVine H., 3rd Alzheimer’s disease and the amyloid-beta peptide. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010;19:311–323. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1221. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

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Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

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