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. 2021 Dec;28(1):390-399.
doi: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1858998.

Cerium oxide nanoparticle-loaded polyvinyl alcohol nanogels delivery for wound healing care systems on surgery

Lianlian Cao  1 , Guojing Shao  1 , Fengmei Ren  2 , Minghua Yang  3 , Yan Nie  1 , Qian Peng  1 , Peng Zhang  1
Affiliations

Cerium oxide nanoparticle-loaded polyvinyl alcohol nanogels delivery for wound healing care systems on surgery

Lianlian Cao et al. Drug Deliv. 2021 Dec.

Retraction in

  • Statement of Retraction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Drug Deliv. 2024 Dec;31(1):1. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2157535. Epub 2023 Jan 18. Drug Deliv. 2024. PMID: 36651664 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

This study was designed to establish the composition of wound bandages based on Cerium nanoparticle (CeNP)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanogels. The CeNP nanogel (Ce-nGel) was fabricated by the fructose-mediated reduction of Cerium oxide solutions within the PVA matrix. The influences of different experimental limitations on PVA nanogel formations were examined. The nanogel particle sizes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and determined to range from ∼10 to 50 nm. Additionally, glycerol was added to the Ce-nGels, and the resulting compositions (Ce-nGel-Glu) were coated on cotton fabrics to generate the wound bandaging composite. The cumulative drug release profile of the Cerium from the bandage was found to be ∼38% of the total loading after two days. Additionally, antibacterial efficacy was developed for Gam positive and negative microorganisms. Moreover, we examined in vivo healing of skin wounds formed in mouse models over 24 days. In contrast to the untreated wounds, rapid healing was perceived in the Ce-nGel-Glu-treated wound with less damage. These findings indicate that Ce-nGel-Glu-based bandaging materials could be a potential candidate for wound healing applications in the future.

Keywords: in vivo mouse model; Cerium nanogels; polyvinyl alcohol; wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Schematic representation of Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu synthesis and its applications.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Preparation and characterization of Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu nanocomposites for bandaging. (A) SEM image of Ce-nGel. (B) EDX studies of Ce-nGel. (C) TEM images of nGel with reaction time of 120 min. Scale bar, 200 nm. (D) UV-visible studies of Ce-nGel with reaction time 5 min (black), 20 min (blue), 60 min (orange), and 120 min (pink). (E) Variation in particle size of Ce-nGel with the reaction time. (F) Cerium release study of Ce-nGel with time. Conditions: Cerium content, 5.75 µg/cm2; release temperature, 37 °C; pH, 7.2.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
SEM images of pure fabric, Ce-nGel, Ce-nGel-Glu, and Ce-nGel dressings after washing. Scale bar: pure fabric (40 µM), Ce-nGel (10 µM), Ce-nGel-Glu (10 µM), and Ce-nGel dressings after washing (10 µM).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Mechanical properties comparison of (A) Stress-strain curve. (B) Tensile strength. (C) Elongation. (D) Tensile modulus of CeNPs, Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu nanocomposite.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
(A) Biodegradation and (B) Swelling ratio as-fabricated bandages of CeNPs, Ce-Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu nanocomposite using different days (1, 4, and 7) of activity.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Antibacterial and cell viability examinations. (A) Colony formation of S. aureus and E. coli. (B) Cell viability of Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu. The experiments were repeated three times. Scale bar 40 µm. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < .05, **p < .01.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Photographs of an in vivo wound healing study. (A) Extent of closure of wounds treated with control, Ce-nGel, and Ce-nGel-Glu. (B) Evaluation of the wound area shutter. The values are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < .05, **p < .01.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
(A) Photomicrographs H&E-stained control, as-fabricated bandages of control, Ce-Ce-nGel and Ce-nGel-Glu hydrogel nanocomposite treated wounds. Scale bar 20 µm.
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