MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD-Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

doi:10.3390/ijms21217893

Review

. 2020 Oct 24;21(21):7893.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21217893.

MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD-Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

Jaslin P James¹, Lene Buhl Riis¹, Mikkel Malham^{2

3}, Estrid Høgdall¹, Ebbe Langholz^{4

5}, Boye S Nielsen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
² The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
³ The Pediatric Department, Holbæk Sygehus, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark.
⁴ Gastroenheden D, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
⁵ Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Bioneer A/S, Hørsholm, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.

PMID: 33114313
PMCID: PMC7660644
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217893

Review

MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD-Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

Jaslin P James et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020.

. 2020 Oct 24;21(21):7893.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21217893.

Authors

Jaslin P James¹, Lene Buhl Riis¹, Mikkel Malham^{2

3}, Estrid Høgdall¹, Ebbe Langholz^{4

5}, Boye S Nielsen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
² The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
³ The Pediatric Department, Holbæk Sygehus, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark.
⁴ Gastroenheden D, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
⁵ Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Bioneer A/S, Hørsholm, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.

PMID: 33114313
PMCID: PMC7660644
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217893

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These are chronic autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The IBD population includes a heterogeneous group of patients with varying disease courses requiring personalized treatment protocols. The complexity of the disease often delays the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatments. In a subset of patients, IBD leads to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). MicroRNAs are single-stranded regulatory noncoding RNAs of 18 to 22 nucleotides with putative roles in the pathogenesis of IBD and colorectal cancer. They have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Both tissue-derived and circulating microRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers in the differential diagnosis and in the prognosis of disease severity of IBD as well as predictive biomarkers in drug resistance. In addition, knowledge of the cellular localization of differentially expressed microRNAs is a prerequisite for deciphering the biological role of these important epigenetic regulators and the cellular localization may even contribute to an alternative repertoire of biomarkers. In this review, we discuss findings based on RT-qPCR, microarray profiling, next generation sequencing and in situ hybridization of microRNA biomarkers identified in the circulation and in tissue biopsies.

Keywords: Crohn’s disease (CD); biomarkers; circulating miRNA; colitis-associated cancer (CAC); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); microRNA (miRNA); ulcerative colitis (UC).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
MiR-21 in situ hybridization in ulcerative colitis. The example shows the inflamed colon mucosa with transversally cut crypts and the lamina propria (indicated by LP). The miR-21 ISH signal is represented by the blue stain and is seen in inflammatory cells located in the lamina propria in and some of the epithelial cells (arrows) in some collapsed crypts. Nuclear Fast Red was used in counterstaining.

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References

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[1] De Souza H.S.P., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Current state of the art. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016;13:13–27. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186. - DOI - PubMed

[2] De Souza H.S.P., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Current state of the art. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016;13:13–27. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Bouma G., Strober W. The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003;3:521–533. doi: 10.1038/nri1132. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Bouma G., Strober W. The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003;3:521–533. doi: 10.1038/nri1132. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Hendrickson B.A., Gokhale R., Cho J.H. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002;15:79–94. doi: 10.1128/CMR.15.1.79-94.2002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Hendrickson B.A., Gokhale R., Cho J.H. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002;15:79–94. doi: 10.1128/CMR.15.1.79-94.2002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Chen M., Shen B. Overview of Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Academic Press; New York, NY, USA: 2018.

[8] Chen M., Shen B. Overview of Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Academic Press; New York, NY, USA: 2018.

[9] Kappelman M.D., Grand R.J. Does inflammatory bowel disease develop in infants? Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2008;14(Suppl. 2):S6–S8. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20544. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Kappelman M.D., Grand R.J. Does inflammatory bowel disease develop in infants? Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2008;14(Suppl. 2):S6–S8. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20544. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD-Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

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MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD-Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

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