The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity

doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6

Review

. 2020 Oct;17(10):618-634.

doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6. Epub 2020 May 28.

The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity

Peter A Revill^{1

2}, Thomas Tu^{3

4

5}, Hans J Netter¹, Lilly K W Yuen¹, Stephen A Locarnini¹, Margaret Littlejohn^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg Hospital University, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴ German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁵ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Margaret.littlejohn@mh.org.au.
⁷ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Margaret.littlejohn@mh.org.au.

PMID: 32467580
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6

Review

The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity

Peter A Revill et al. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Oct.

. 2020 Oct;17(10):618-634.

doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6. Epub 2020 May 28.

Authors

Peter A Revill^{1

2}, Thomas Tu^{3

4

5}, Hans J Netter¹, Lilly K W Yuen¹, Stephen A Locarnini¹, Margaret Littlejohn^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg Hospital University, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴ German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁵ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Margaret.littlejohn@mh.org.au.
⁷ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Margaret.littlejohn@mh.org.au.

PMID: 32467580
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6

Abstract

The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is enormous, with 257 million persons chronically infected, resulting in more than 880,000 deaths per year worldwide. HBV exists as nine different genotypes, which differ in disease progression, natural history and response to therapy. HBV is an ancient virus, with the latest reports greatly expanding the host range of the Hepadnaviridae (to include fish and reptiles) and casting new light on the origins and evolution of this viral family. Although there is an effective preventive vaccine, there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B, largely owing to the persistence of a viral minichromosome that is not targeted by current therapies. HBV persistence is also facilitated through aberrant host immune responses, possibly due to the diverse intra-host viral populations that can respond to host-mounted and therapeutic selection pressures. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the influence of HBV diversity on disease progression and treatment response and the potential effect on new HBV therapies in the pipeline. The mechanisms by which HBV diversity can occur both within the individual host and at a population level are also discussed.

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References

1. Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3, 383–403 (2018).
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[1] Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3, 383–403 (2018).

[2] Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3, 383–403 (2018).

[3] World Health Organization. Global Hepatitis Report, 2019 https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/ (WHO, 2017).

[4] World Health Organization. Global Hepatitis Report, 2019 https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/ (WHO, 2017).

[5] Parkin, D. M. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2, 533–543 (2001). - PubMed

[6] Parkin, D. M. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2, 533–543 (2001). - PubMed

[7] Revill, P. A. et al. A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 545–558 (2019). - PubMed - PMC

[8] Revill, P. A. et al. A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 545–558 (2019). - PubMed - PMC

[9] Alter, H. et al. A research agenda for curing chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 67, 1127–1131 (2018). - PubMed - PMC

[10] Alter, H. et al. A research agenda for curing chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 67, 1127–1131 (2018). - PubMed - PMC

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The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity

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The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity

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