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. 2020 Jun;27(6):581-588.
doi: 10.1038/s41594-020-0427-3. Epub 2020 May 25.

Viral hijacking of the TENT4-ZCCHC14 complex protects viral RNAs via mixed tailing

Dongwan Kim #  1   2 , Young-Suk Lee #  1   2 , Soo-Jin Jung #  1   2 , Jinah Yeo #  1   2   3 , Jenny J Seo  1   2 , Young-Yoon Lee  1   2 , Jaechul Lim  1   2   4 , Hyeshik Chang  1   2 , Jaewon Song  1   2 , Jihye Yang  1   2 , Jong-Seo Kim  1   2 , Guhung Jung  2 , Kwangseok Ahn  1   2 , V Narry Kim  5   6
Affiliations

Viral hijacking of the TENT4-ZCCHC14 complex protects viral RNAs via mixed tailing

Dongwan Kim et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Jun.

Abstract

TENT4 enzymes generate 'mixed tails' of diverse nucleotides at 3' ends of RNAs via nontemplated nucleotide addition to protect messenger RNAs from deadenylation. Here we discover extensive mixed tailing in transcripts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), generated via a similar mechanism exploiting the TENT4-ZCCHC14 complex. TAIL-seq on HBV and HCMV RNAs revealed that TENT4A and TENT4B are responsible for mixed tailing and protection of viral poly(A) tails. We find that the HBV post-transcriptional regulatory element (PRE), specifically the CNGGN-type pentaloop, is critical for TENT4-dependent regulation. HCMV uses a similar pentaloop, an interesting example of convergent evolution. This pentaloop is recognized by the sterile alpha motif domain-containing ZCCHC14 protein, which in turn recruits TENT4. Overall, our study reveals the mechanism of action of PRE, which has been widely used to enhance gene expression, and identifies the TENT4-ZCCHC14 complex as a potential target for antiviral therapeutics.

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