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Review
. 2020 Jul;51(5):363-374.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.020. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention

Deepak Pradhan  1 , Prativa Biswasroy  1 , Pradeep Kumar Naik  2 , Goutam Ghosh  1 , Goutam Rath  3
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention

Deepak Pradhan et al. Arch Med Res. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

The recent outbreak of CoVID-19 is declared as a global public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). A fresh figure of 2268011 positive cases and 155185 death records (till April 18th 2020) across the worldwide signify the severity of this viral infection. CoVID-19 infection is a pandemic, surface to surface communicable disease with a case fatality rate of 3.4% as estimated by WHO up to March 3rd 2020. Unfortunately, the current unavailability of an effective antiviral drug and approved vaccine, worsen the situation more critical. Implementation of an effective preventive measure is the only option left to counteract CoVID-19. Further, a retrospective analysis provides evidence that contemplates the decisive role of preventive measures in controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. A statistical surveillance report of WHO reflects, maintaining a coherent infection, prevention and control guideline resulted in a 30% reduction in healthcare-associated infections. The effectiveness of preventive measures completely relies on the strength of surface disinfectants, the composition of hand sanitizer, appropriate material for the manufacture of personal protective equipment (PPE). This review enlightens the various preventive measures such as a suitable selection of surface disinfectants, appropriate hand sanitization, and empowering the PPE that could be a potential intervention to fight against CoVID-19.

Keywords: CoVID-19; Hand sanitizer; Personal protective equipment; Surface disinfectant.

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Figures

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Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Effectiveness of influenza vaccine against over the year (2004-2018).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Timeline of coronavirus. CS, Coronavirus strain; APN, amino-peptidase-N receptor; ACE-II, Angiotensin-converting enzyme II; NOA, N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid; DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 also known as COVID-19/2019-nCoV; MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A schematic diagram elaborates the timespan of the virus in different inanimate objects, along with different protective majors assign during viral infection and recently recommended treatment against CoVID-19 viral infection.
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