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. 2019 Aug 24:6:869-874.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.010. eCollection 2019.

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

Hadi Tabarraei  1   2 , Jalal Hassan  2 , Mohammad Reza Parvizi  1 , Hannaneh Golshahi  3 , Hossain Keshavarz-Tarikhi  4
Affiliations

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

Hadi Tabarraei et al. Toxicol Rep. .

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity as lethal dose 50% (LD50) and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway Bunium persicum (Bioss) seed essential oil in male Wistar rats. The compounds of B. persicum were identified by GC/MS and amount of each compound was evaluated. 21 different compounds were determined in the essential oil and the main components were: carvone, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene-8-ol, limonene, isoterpinolene, and 2-beta pinene. For acute toxicity evaluation, the animals were randomly divided into nine group (n = 6) and received 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000 mg/kg seed essential oil, respectively and the LD50 value for black caraway seed essential oil was obtained above 4000 mg/kg body weight. According to data, treatment with the black caraway seed essential oil sub-acute toxicity study attenuated histopathological changes in lung, liver, kidney, testes and spleen tissues and the results of this study show that the black caraway essential oil can not affect the immune and blood system, important enzymes and vital organs of the body..

Keywords: Acute toxicity; Black caraway (Bunium persicum); Essential oil; Rat; Sub-acute toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Animals received animal care, and all the experiments were performed in accordance with the Guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran (approval No of 7506023.6.17).

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Group I (control): Note to normal structure of liver (A), kidney (B), spleen (C), lung (D), testis(E), and heart (F) tissue (H & E; A-E: 50 μm and F: 20 μm).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Group II (250 mg/kg body weight): Diffuse vacuolar degeneration (circle), atrophy of hepatocytes (arrow), and dilated sinusoidal space (star) (A), diffuse degenerative change in cells of renal tubules (arrow) (B), Mild depletion in the lymphocyte population of white pulp (rectangle) (C), testicular tubular atrophy (rectangle) and degenerative changes (arrow) (D), mild interstitial inflammation in lung tissue (circle) (E), and fragmentation in the cardiac muscle fibers (arrow) (F) (H & E; A–C, F: 20 μm and D-E: 50 μm).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Group II (1000 mg/kg body weight): moderate to severe diffuse vacuolar degeneration (arrow) and vascular congestion (circle) (A), moderate degenerative changes (arrow) and atrophic glomeruli (circle) (B), increase in the number of inflammatory cell components (arrow) and depletion of white pulp (circle) (C), degenerative and destructive sings of seminiferous tubules (arrow) (D), moderate infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstitium (E), and note to some foci of disrupted cardiac muscle fibers (arrow) (F) (H & E; A-F: 50 μm).
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