The Utility of DXA Assessment at the Forearm, Proximal Femur, and Lateral Distal Femur, and Vertebral Fracture Assessment in the Pediatric Population: 2019 ISCD Official Position
- PMID: 31421951
- PMCID: PMC7010480
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.002
The Utility of DXA Assessment at the Forearm, Proximal Femur, and Lateral Distal Femur, and Vertebral Fracture Assessment in the Pediatric Population: 2019 ISCD Official Position
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in the evaluation of bone fragility in children. Previous recommendations emphasized total body less head and lumbar spine DXA scans for clinical bone health assessment. However, these scan sites may not be possible or optimal for all groups of children with conditions that threaten bone health. The utility of DXA scans of the proximal femur, forearm, and radius were evaluated for adequacy of reference data, precision, ability of predict fracture, and applicability to all, or select groups of children. In addition, the strengths and limitations of vertebral fracture assessment by DXA were evaluated. The new Pediatric Positions provide guidelines on the use of these additional measures in the assessment of skeletal health in children.
Keywords: Children; DXA; Forearm; lateral distal femur; proximal femur; vertebral fracture assessment.
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Figures
Similar articles
-
The utility of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, and fracture risk indices (FRAX® and Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument) for the identification of women with distal forearm or hip fractures: A pilot study.Endocr Res. 2016 Aug;41(3):248-60. doi: 10.3109/07435800.2015.1120744. Epub 2016 Feb 11. Endocr Res. 2016. PMID: 26864472
-
Lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-score discrepancies by dual X-ray absorptiometry do not predict vertebral fractures in children.J Investig Med. 2018 Aug;66(6):980-985. doi: 10.1136/jim-2018-000738. Epub 2018 Apr 4. J Investig Med. 2018. PMID: 29622758 Free PMC article.
-
Vertebral fracture assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry along with bone mineral density in the evaluation of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos. 2020 Feb 24;15(1):25. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-0688-9. Arch Osteoporos. 2020. PMID: 32095943
-
Executive Summary of the 2019 ISCD Position Development Conference on Monitoring Treatment, DXA Cross-calibration and Least Significant Change, Spinal Cord Injury, Peri-prosthetic and Orthopedic Bone Health, Transgender Medicine, and Pediatrics.J Clin Densitom. 2019 Oct-Dec;22(4):453-471. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 5. J Clin Densitom. 2019. PMID: 31400968 Review.
-
Repeating Measurement of Bone Mineral Density when Monitoring with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry: 2019 ISCD Official Position.J Clin Densitom. 2019 Oct-Dec;22(4):489-500. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.010. Epub 2019 Jul 17. J Clin Densitom. 2019. PMID: 31378452 Review.
Cited by
-
Bone mass and vertebral fractures in South African children on prolonged oral glucocorticoids for chronic non-malignant illnesses.Bone Rep. 2021 Feb 2;14:100751. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100751. eCollection 2021 Jun. Bone Rep. 2021. PMID: 33644265 Free PMC article.
-
Bone Health Status of Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy.J Bone Metab. 2023 Nov;30(4):319-327. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2023.30.4.319. Epub 2023 Nov 30. J Bone Metab. 2023. PMID: 38073265 Free PMC article.
-
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometry in pediatrics: a practical review and update.Pediatr Radiol. 2021 Jan;51(1):25-39. doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04756-4. Epub 2020 Aug 28. Pediatr Radiol. 2021. PMID: 32857206 Review.
-
Reference values of bone mineral density of proximal femur for Southeast Asian children and adolescents.Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Nov 19;17(1):145. doi: 10.1007/s11657-022-01184-9. Arch Osteoporos. 2022. PMID: 36400873
-
Factors affecting bone mineral density in children and adolescents with secondary osteoporosis.Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Mar;28(1):34-41. doi: 10.6065/apem.2244026.013. Epub 2022 Jun 28. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2023. PMID: 35798303 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Bishop N, Braillon P, Burnham J, et al. 2008. Dual-energy X-ray aborptiometry assessment in children and adolescents with diseases that may affect the skeleton: the 2007 ISCD Pediatric Official Positions. J Clin Densitom 11 (1):29–42. - PubMed
-
- Crabtree NJ, Arabi A, Bachrach LK, et al. 2014. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry interpretation and reporting in children and adolescents: the revised 2013 ISCD Pediatric Official Positions. J Clin Densitom 17(2):225–242. - PubMed
-
- Crabtree NJ, Hogler W, Cooper MS, et al. 2013. Diagnostic evaluation of bone densitometric size adjustment techniques in children with and without low trauma fractures. Osteoporos Int 24(7):2015–2024. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical