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Review
. 2019 May;76(10):1947-1966.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03053-0. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Long non-coding RNAs are emerging targets of phytochemicals for cancer and other chronic diseases

Shruti Mishra  1 , Sumit S Verma  1 , Vipin Rai  1 , Nikee Awasthee  1 , Srinivas Chava  2 , Kam Man Hui  3 , Alan Prem Kumar  4 , Kishore B Challagundla  5 , Gautam Sethi  6 , Subash C Gupta  7
Affiliations
Review

Long non-coding RNAs are emerging targets of phytochemicals for cancer and other chronic diseases

Shruti Mishra et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 May.

Abstract

The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the crucial regulators of human chronic diseases. Therefore, approaches such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNAi technology, and small molecule inhibitors have been used for the therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs. During the last decade, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals have been explored for their potential against lncRNAs. The common lncRNAs known to be modulated by phytochemicals include ROR, PVT1, HOTAIR, MALAT1, H19, MEG3, PCAT29, PANDAR, NEAT1, and GAS5. The phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, berberine, EGCG, and gambogic acid have been examined against lncRNAs. In some cases, formulation of phytochemicals has also been used. The disease models where phytochemicals have been demonstrated to modulate lncRNAs expression include cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The regulation of lncRNAs by phytochemicals can affect multi-steps of tumor development. When administered in combination with the conventional drugs, phytochemicals can also produce synergistic effects on lncRNAs leading to the sensitization of cancer cells. Phytochemicals target lncRNAs either directly or indirectly by affecting a wide variety of upstream molecules. However, the potential of phytochemicals against lncRNAs has been demonstrated mostly by preclinical studies in cancer models. How the modulation of lncRNAs by phytochemicals produce therapeutic effects on cancer and other chronic diseases is discussed in this review.

Keywords: Chemosensitization; Non-coding RNA; Nutraceutical; Therapy; Tumor.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A list of human diseases affected by phytochemicals through modulation of lncRNAs. NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A list of lncRNAs modulated by phytochemicals. CASC2 cancer susceptibility 2, CDKN2B-AS1 CDKN2B antisense RNA 1, GAS5 growth arrest-specific 5, GUCY2GP guanylate cyclase 2G pseudogene, H2BFXP H2B histone family member X pseudogene, HOTAIR HOX transcript antisense RNA, LINC00623 long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 623, LINC01116 long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 1116, linc-PINT long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA-p53 induced transcript, MALAT1 metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1, MEG3 maternally expressed gene 3, MIR155HG MIR155 host gene, NEAT1 nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1, PANDAR promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA, PCAT29 prostate cancer-associated transcript 29, PVT1 plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, ROR regulator of reprogramming, ST7OT1 ST7 overlapping transcript 1, TUG1 taurine up-regulated gene 1, ZFAS1 zinc finger antisense 1
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A list of phytochemicals known to have the potential to target lncRNAs. EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The steps of tumorigenesis affected by phytochemicals through modulation of lncRNAs. EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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