Plasmid DNA-based Alphavirus Vaccines

doi:10.3390/vaccines7010029

Review

. 2019 Mar 8;7(1):29.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines7010029.

Plasmid DNA-based Alphavirus Vaccines

Kenneth Lundstrom¹

Affiliations

PMID: 30857255
PMCID: PMC6466081
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010029

Review

Plasmid DNA-based Alphavirus Vaccines

Kenneth Lundstrom. Vaccines (Basel). 2019.

. 2019 Mar 8;7(1):29.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines7010029.

Author

Kenneth Lundstrom¹

Affiliation

¹ PanTherapeutics, 1095 Lutry, Switzerland. lundstromkenneth@gmail.com.

PMID: 30857255
PMCID: PMC6466081
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010029

Abstract

Alphaviruses have been engineered as vectors for high-level transgene expression. Originally, alphavirus-based vectors were applied as recombinant replication-deficient particles, subjected to expression studies in mammalian and non-mammalian cell lines, primary cell cultures, and in vivo. However, vector engineering has expanded the application range to plasmid DNA-based delivery and expression. Immunization studies with DNA-based alphavirus vectors have demonstrated tumor regression and protection against challenges with infectious agents and tumor cells in animal tumor models. The presence of the RNA replicon genes responsible for extensive RNA replication in the RNA/DNA layered alphavirus vectors provides superior transgene expression in comparison to conventional plasmid DNA-based expression. Immunization with alphavirus DNA vectors revealed that 1000-fold less DNA was required to elicit similar immune responses compared to conventional plasmid DNA. In addition to DNA-based delivery, immunization with recombinant alphavirus particles and RNA replicons has demonstrated efficacy in providing protection against lethal challenges by infectious agents and tumor cells.

Keywords: DNA vaccines; RNA replicons; alphaviruses; layered RNA/DNA vectors; protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents; recombinant particles; tumor regression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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References

1. Delrue I., Verzele D., Madder A., Nauwynck H.J. Inactivated virus vaccines: From chemistry to prophylaxis: Merits, risks and challenges. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2012;11:695–719. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.38. - DOI - PubMed
1. Deng M.P., Hu Z.H., Wang H.L., Deng F. Developments of subunit and VLP vaccines against influenza A virus. Virol. Sin. 2012;27:145–153. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3241-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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1. Lundstrom K. Alphavirus-based vaccines. Viruses. 2014;6:2392–2415. doi: 10.3390/v6062392. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Zajakina A., Spunde K., Lundstrom K. Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy. Curr. Pharmaceut. Design. 2017;23:1–27. - PubMed

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[1] Delrue I., Verzele D., Madder A., Nauwynck H.J. Inactivated virus vaccines: From chemistry to prophylaxis: Merits, risks and challenges. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2012;11:695–719. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.38. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Delrue I., Verzele D., Madder A., Nauwynck H.J. Inactivated virus vaccines: From chemistry to prophylaxis: Merits, risks and challenges. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2012;11:695–719. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.38. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Deng M.P., Hu Z.H., Wang H.L., Deng F. Developments of subunit and VLP vaccines against influenza A virus. Virol. Sin. 2012;27:145–153. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3241-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Deng M.P., Hu Z.H., Wang H.L., Deng F. Developments of subunit and VLP vaccines against influenza A virus. Virol. Sin. 2012;27:145–153. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3241-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Apostolopoulos V. Vaccine delivery methods into the future. Vaccines. 2016;4:9. doi: 10.3390/vaccines4020009. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Apostolopoulos V. Vaccine delivery methods into the future. Vaccines. 2016;4:9. doi: 10.3390/vaccines4020009. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Lundstrom K. Alphavirus-based vaccines. Viruses. 2014;6:2392–2415. doi: 10.3390/v6062392. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Lundstrom K. Alphavirus-based vaccines. Viruses. 2014;6:2392–2415. doi: 10.3390/v6062392. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Zajakina A., Spunde K., Lundstrom K. Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy. Curr. Pharmaceut. Design. 2017;23:1–27. - PubMed

[10] Zajakina A., Spunde K., Lundstrom K. Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy. Curr. Pharmaceut. Design. 2017;23:1–27. - PubMed

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Plasmid DNA-based Alphavirus Vaccines

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Plasmid DNA-based Alphavirus Vaccines

Author

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