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. 2019 Feb 11;9(1):1772.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38874-3.

Faecal bacterial and short-chain fatty acids signature in hypercholesterolemia

A B Granado-Serrano  1 , M Martín-Garí  1 , V Sánchez  2 , M Riart Solans  2 , R Berdún  1 , I A Ludwig  3 , L Rubió  4 , E Vilaprinyó  5 , M Portero-Otín  1 , J C E Serrano  6
Affiliations

Faecal bacterial and short-chain fatty acids signature in hypercholesterolemia

A B Granado-Serrano et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Gut microbiota has been suggested to affect lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the faecal microbiota signature and both short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BA) profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects. Microbiota composition, SCFAs, BA and blood lipid profile from male volunteers with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and normocholesterolemia (NC) were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing, HPLC, GC and NMR, respectively. HC subjects were characterized by having lower relative abundance of Anaeroplasma (0.002% vs 0.219%, p-value = 0.026) and Haemophilus (0.041% vs 0.078%, p-value = 0.049), and higher of Odoribacter (0.51% vs 0.16%; p-value = 0.044). Correlation analysis revealed that Anaeroplasma and Haemophilus were associated to an unfavourable lipid profile: they correlated negatively to cholesterol and triglycerides related biomarkers and the ratio total to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and positively to HDL size. Odoribacter displayed an opposite behaviour. Faecal SCFAs profile revealed higher abundance of isobutyric (2.76% vs 0.82%, p-value = 0.049) and isovaleric acid (1.32% vs 0.06%, p-value = 0.016) in HC. Isobutyric acid correlated positively with Odoribacter and lipid parameters indicative of an unfavourable profile. BA profile did not show differences between groups. It was concluded that HC subjects showed a particular faecal bacterial signature and SCFAs profile associated with their lipid profile.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Species diversity and faecal bacterial taxonomic signature in HC versus NC subjects. Diversity indexes: (A–D) Observed OTUs, Chao1, Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes, respectively. (E) Pie chart of phyla relative abundances identified in HC and NC, respectively. (F) Cladogram plot of discriminant taxa identified by LEfSe analysis, p-value < 0.05 as significant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between serum lipid biomarkers and differential genera in HC and NC subjects. Correlation with (A) cholesterol-related biomarkers, (B) triglyceride-related biomarkers, (C) lipoprotein ratios and APOA-1 and (D) lipoprotein particles classified according their size. Correlations were assessed considering data from both groups together. Correlations with q-values below 0.15 after adjustment for multiple analysis are highlighted with an ellipse. The colour and slope of the ellipse indicate magnitude of correlation, with Spearman’s rho value superimposed on the ellipse. The ellipses of positive correlations are shown in blue and the negative correlations in red. Correlations with q-values > 0.15 are in white.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Faecal bacterial fermentation products profile in HC and NC subjects and significant correlation with bacterial abundance at genus level. (A–C) Total SCFAs, SCFAs profile and succinic acid levels, respectively. P-value < 0.05 after comparison between HC and NC are indicated. (D,E) Correlation plots of isobutyric acid with the genera Odoribacter and Ruminococcus, respectively. Spearman’s rho and q-value are shown.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Faecal bacterial fermentation products profile and lipid biomarkers association in HC and NC subjects. Correlation with cholesterol-related biomarkers (A), triglyceride-related biomarkers (B), lipoprotein ratios and APOA-1 (C), and lipoprotein particles classified according their size (D). Correlations were assessed considering data from both groups together. Correlations with q-values below 0.15 after adjustment for multiple analysis are highlighted with an ellipse. The colour and slope of the ellipse indicate magnitude of correlation, with Spearman’s rho value superimposed on the ellipse. The ellipses of positive correlations are shown in blue and the negative correlations in red. Correlations with q-values > 0.15 are in white.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Study design flowchart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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