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Review
. 2018 Sep 28:9:2235.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02235. eCollection 2018.

CD22: A Regulator of Innate and Adaptive B Cell Responses and Autoimmunity

Edward A Clark  1   2 , Natalia V Giltiay  2
Affiliations
Review

CD22: A Regulator of Innate and Adaptive B Cell Responses and Autoimmunity

Edward A Clark et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

CD22 (Siglec 2) is a receptor predominantly restricted to B cells. It was initially characterized over 30 years ago and named "CD22" in 1984 at the 2nd International workshop in Boston (1). Several excellent reviews have detailed CD22 functions, CD22-regulated signaling pathways and B cell subsets regulated by CD22 or Siglec G (2-4). This review is an attempt to highlight recent and possibly forgotten findings. We also describe the role of CD22 in autoimmunity and the great potential for CD22-based immunotherapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Keywords: B cells; CD22; T cell dependent; T cell independent; TLR7; antigens; autoimmunity.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Model for the role of CD22 in regulating BCR/TLR-mediated B cell responses to autoantigens. CD22 molecules are organized in nanodomains, regulated by interactions with CD45. Self-Ags, decorated with sialylated ligands may recruit CD22 molecules close to the BCR, upon which CD22-SHP-1 activation inhibits downstream signaling. The uptake up of nuclear-containing Ags triggers TLR7 and TLR9 activation in the endosomes. CD22 may inhibit TLRs activation via several mechanisms: promoting the activation of CD72, direct inhibition of TLR signaling after internalization, and/or affecting the expression and activation of NF-κB and pro-survival pathways. Crosslinking of CD22 with a therapeutic antibody Epratuzumab, inhibits the expression of Blimp1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to TLRs stimulation. Antibody-mediated CD22 ligation induces internalization of CD22, SHP-1, and Grb2 activation and may also promote co-localization with TLRs in the endosomes.
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References

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