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. 2018 Sep 5;38(5):BSR20180382.
doi: 10.1042/BSR20180382. Print 2018 Oct 31.

Cerebral blood flow alteration following acute myocardial infarction in mice

Abdullah Kaplan  1 , Andriy Yabluchanskiy  2 , Rana Ghali  1 , Raffaele Altara  3   4   5 , George W Booz  6 , Fouad A Zouein  7
Affiliations

Cerebral blood flow alteration following acute myocardial infarction in mice

Abdullah Kaplan et al. Biosci Rep. .

Abstract

Heart failure is associated with low cardiac output (CO) and low brain perfusion that imposes a significant risk for accelerated brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Although clinical heart failure can emerge several years following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the impact of AMI on cerebral blood flow (CBF) at early stages and up to 30 days following MI is unknown. Sixteen months old male mice underwent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Hemodynamics analyses were performed at baseline and at days 1, 7, and 30 post-MI. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, CO, and right common carotid artery (RCCA) diameter were recorded by echocardiography. RCCA flow (RCCA FL) was measured by Doppler echocardiography. LV volumes consistently increased (P<0.0012) and LV systolic function progressively deteriorated (P<0.0001) post-MI. CO and RCCA FL showed a moderate but significant decrease over the course of MI with similar fluctuation pattern such that both variables were decreased at day 1, increased at day 7, and decreased at 30 days post-MI. Correlation and regression analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed a strong correlation with significance at baseline and day 30 post-MI (R = 0.71, P=0.03, and R = 0.72, P=0.03, respectively). Days 1 and 7 analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed moderate correlation with non-significance post-MI (R = 0.51, P=0.2, and R = 0.56, P=0.12, respectively). In summary, CBF significantly decreased following AMI and remained significantly decreased for up to 30 days, suggesting a potential risk for brain damage that could contribute to cognitive dysfunction later in life.

Keywords: Aging; Cardiac Output; cerebral blood flow; myocardial infarction; right common coronary artery flow.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography image display
(A) B-mode (2D) echocardiographic image of the RCCA. Arrow on the right side indicates the RCCA. (B) Doppler echocardiographic image of RCCA FL.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Myocardial infarction resulted in a significant LV systolic dysfunction, which persistently deteriorated over the course of 30 days post-MI and was associated with increasing LVEDV
Figure 3
Figure 3. Both CO and RCCA FL fluctuated with the similar pattern through the time course of the MI
Figure 4
Figure 4. Cumulative representation of correlations between RCCA FL and CO at baseline, days 1, 7, and 30 post-MI
(A) RCCA FL positively and significantly correlated with CO at baseline. (B,C) RCCA FL moderately and positively but not significantly correlated with CO at days 1 and 7 post-MI. (D) RCCA FL positively and significantly correlated with CO at day 30 post-MI.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Fractional RCCA FL steadily and mildly increased over the course of 30 days post-MI
There were no significant differences between days post-MI when compared with baseline.
Figure 6
Figure 6. The correlation between fractional RCCA FL (%) and CO was negative, moderate, and non-significant with no linear change
Figure 7
Figure 7. Representation of the correlation between CO and infarct size, and between RCCA FL and infarct size, 30 days post-MI
(A) CO negatively and significantly correlated with the infarct size at day 30 post-MI. (B) RCCA FL negatively, but non-significantly correlated with the infarct size at day 30 post-MI.
Figure 8
Figure 8. RCCA FL did not correlate with MAP at day 30 post-MI
Figure 9
Figure 9. Both CO and RCCA FL fluctuated within baseline levels through the time course of the wound healing post-sham operation
Figure 10
Figure 10. Cumulative representation of correlations between RCCA FL and CO at baseline, days 1 and 7 post-sham operation
(A) RCCA FL positively and significantly correlated with CO at baseline, (B) at day 1, and (C) at day 7 post-sham operation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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