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. 2018 Mar 13;115(11):2600-2606.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1708274114.

The preregistration revolution

Brian A Nosek  1   2 , Charles R Ebersole  2 , Alexander C DeHaven  3 , David T Mellor  3
Affiliations

The preregistration revolution

Brian A Nosek et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .

Abstract

Progress in science relies in part on generating hypotheses with existing observations and testing hypotheses with new observations. This distinction between postdiction and prediction is appreciated conceptually but is not respected in practice. Mistaking generation of postdictions with testing of predictions reduces the credibility of research findings. However, ordinary biases in human reasoning, such as hindsight bias, make it hard to avoid this mistake. An effective solution is to define the research questions and analysis plan before observing the research outcomes-a process called preregistration. Preregistration distinguishes analyses and outcomes that result from predictions from those that result from postdictions. A variety of practical strategies are available to make the best possible use of preregistration in circumstances that fall short of the ideal application, such as when the data are preexisting. Services are now available for preregistration across all disciplines, facilitating a rapid increase in the practice. Widespread adoption of preregistration will increase distinctiveness between hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing and will improve the credibility of research findings.

Keywords: confirmatory analysis; exploratory analysis; methodology; open science; preregistration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: B.A.N., A.C.D., and D.T.M. are employed by the nonprofit Center for Open Science that has as its mission to increase openness, integrity, and reproducibility of research.

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