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. 2018 Apr;99(4):536-548.
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001033. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Genomic and structural features of the yellow fever virus from the 2016-2017 Brazilian outbreak

Mariela Martínez Gómez  1 , Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu  2   3 , Alexandre Araujo Cunha Dos Santos  1 , Iasmim Silva de Mello  1 , Marta Pereira Santos  1 , Ieda Pereira Ribeiro  1 , Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito  2 , Rafaella Moraes de Miranda  2 , Marcia Gonçalves de Castro  2 , Mario Sergio Ribeiro  4 , Roberto da Costa Laterrière Junior  5 , Shirlei Ferreira Aguiar  6 , Guilherme Louzada Silva Meira  6 , Deborah Antunes  7 , Pedro Henrique Monteiro Torres  7 , Daiana Mir  8 , Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente  9 , Ana Carolina Ramos Guimarães  10 , Ernesto Raul Caffarena  7 , Gonzalo Bello  8 , Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira  2 , Myrna Cristina Bonaldo  1
Affiliations

Genomic and structural features of the yellow fever virus from the 2016-2017 Brazilian outbreak

Mariela Martínez Gómez et al. J Gen Virol. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Southeastern Brazil has been suffering a rapid expansion of a severe sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak since late 2016, which has reached one of the most populated zones in Brazil and South America, heretofore a yellow fever-free zone for more than 70 years. In the current study, we describe the complete genome of 12 YFV samples from mosquitoes, humans and non-human primates from the Brazilian 2017 epidemic. All of the YFV sequences belong to the modern lineage (sub-lineage 1E) of South American genotype I, having been circulating for several months prior to the December 2016 detection. Our data confirm that viral strains associated with the most severe YF epidemic in South America in the last 70 years display unique amino acid substitutions that are mainly located in highly conserved positions in non-structural proteins. Our data also corroborate that YFV has spread southward into Rio de Janeiro state following two main sylvatic dispersion routes that converged at the border of the great metropolitan area comprising nearly 12 million unvaccinated inhabitants. Our original results can help public health authorities to guide the surveillance, prophylaxis and control measures required to face such a severe epidemiological problem. Finally, it will also inspire other workers to further investigate the epidemiological and biological significance of the amino acid polymorphisms detected in the Brazilian 2017 YFV strains.

Keywords: 2016-2017 Brazilian outbreak; amino acid changes; evolution; genetic diversity; yellow fever virus.

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