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Review
. 2018 Jan 17;7(1):1422676.
doi: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1422676. eCollection 2018.

Therapeutic biomaterials based on extracellular vesicles: classification of bio-engineering and mimetic preparation routes

Pablo García-Manrique  1   2 , María Matos  2 , Gemma Gutiérrez  2 , Carmen Pazos  2 , María Carmen Blanco-López  1
Affiliations
Review

Therapeutic biomaterials based on extracellular vesicles: classification of bio-engineering and mimetic preparation routes

Pablo García-Manrique et al. J Extracell Vesicles. .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as novel theranostic tools. Limitations related to clinical uses are leading to a new research area on design and manufacture of artificial EVs. Several strategies have been reported in order to produce artificial EVs, but there has not yet been a clear criterion by which to differentiate these novel biomaterials. In this paper, we suggest for the first time a systematic classification of the terms used to build up the artificial EV landscape, based on the preparation method. This could be useful to guide the derivation to clinical trial routes and to clarify the literature. According to our classification, we have reviewed the main strategies reported to date for their preparation, including key points such as: cargo loading, surface targeting strategies, purification steps, generation of membrane fragments for the construction of biomimetic materials, preparation of synthetic membranes inspired in EV composition and subsequent surface decoration.

Keywords: artificial extracellular vesicles; biomimetic materials; drug-delivery nanocarrier; nanomedicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Artificial EV landscape: explored routes to date for the preparation of artificial EVs for specific purposes. *EBSSNs [19].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Consejería de Economía y Empleo del Principado de Asturias [GRUPIN14-022]; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) [CTQ2013-47396-R].