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Review
. 2018 Jan 2:13:58-62.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.12.004. eCollection 2018 Mar.

Measles virus: Background and oncolytic virotherapy

Sankhajit Bhattacharjee  1 , Pramod Kumar Yadava  1
Affiliations
Review

Measles virus: Background and oncolytic virotherapy

Sankhajit Bhattacharjee et al. Biochem Biophys Rep. .

Abstract

Measles is a highly transmissible disease caused by measles virus and remains a major cause of child mortality in developing countries. Measles virus nucleoprotein (N) encapsidates the RNA genome of the virus for providing protection from host cell endonucleases and for specific recognition of viral RNA as template for transcription and replication. This protein is over-expressed at the time of viral replication. The C-terminal of N protein is intrinsically disordered, which enables this protein to interact with several host cell proteins. It was previously proved in our laboratory that N expressing human cancerous cells undergo programmed cell death because of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as Caspase 3 activation. The phosphoprotein (P) along with N protein enclosed viral genomic RNA forming a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). It also establishes interaction with the large protein (L) i.e. viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase to ensure viral replication within host cells. The host cell receptors of this virus are CD46, SLAM/CD150 and PVRL4. Measles virus is latently oncotropic in nature and possesses oncolytic property by syncytia formation. We try to highlight the application of this property in developing a virotherapeutic vehicle.

Keywords: CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46); Edmonston vaccine strain; Measles virus; Oncotropic and oncolytic viruses; Syncytia.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A diagrammatic representation of measles virus structure. MV contains RNA that is encapsidated by N protein. P and L protein maintain connection with the N protein encapsidated RNA. The M protein is dispersed all over. The H and F proteins remain attached to the lipid bilayer obtained from the host cell membrane.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Organization of cell surface receptors for measles virus on host cell (after Noyce et al.[23]). The receptors for MV are CD46, SLAM/CD150 and PVRL4/ Nectin-4. The extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of these receptors are depicted in this figure.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A schematic representation of replication cycle of measles virus in host cell. MV is a negative stranded RNA virus. The RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) produces positive strand RNA from the negative strand by transcription. The viral proteins are coded by the respective genes. The negative stranded RNA is also generated by replication process. New progeny viruses are generated. The entire process occurs in the host cell cytoplasm.
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