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. 2017:2017:7146290.
doi: 10.1155/2017/7146290. Epub 2017 Jul 5.

Circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 Levels in Hypertensive Patients

Qingwei Ji  1 , Guojie Cheng  2 , Ning Ma  2 , Ying Huang  3   4 , Yingzhong Lin  3 , Qi Zhou  2 , Bin Que  1 , Jianzeng Dong  2 , Yujie Zhou  2 , Shaoping Nie  1
Affiliations

Circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 Levels in Hypertensive Patients

Qingwei Ji et al. Dis Markers. 2017.

Abstract

Background: Evidence from experimental studies showed that Th1, Th2, and Th17 play a pivotal role in hypertension and target organ damage. However, whether changes in the circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 levels are associated with nondipper hypertension and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in hypertension has yet to be investigated.

Methods: Th1, Th2, and Th17 levels were detected using a flow cytometric analysis, and their related cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 45 hypertensive patients and 15 normotensive subjects.

Results: The frequencies of Th1 and Th17 in hypertensive patients, especially in nondipper patients and patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, were markedly higher than those in the control group; this was accompanied by higher IFN-γ and IL-17 levels. In contrast, the Th2 frequencies and IL-4 levels in hypertensive patients, especially in nondipper patients and patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, were significantly lower than those in the control group.

Conclusions: The changes in Th1, Th2, and Th17 activity are associated with the onset of the nondipper type and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in hypertensive patients.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 levels in the dippers and nondippers. (a) CD4+ T cells were gated by flow cytometry and representation of intracellular cytokine staining of Th1, Th2, and Th17 from each group. (b) The frequencies of Th1 were markedly higher in hypertensive patients, including the dippers and nondippers, than in the control group. (c) The frequencies of Th2 were markedly lower in hypertensive patients, including the dippers and nondippers, than in the control group. (d) The frequencies of Th17 were markedly higher in hypertensive patients, especially in nondippers, than in the control group. (e) IFN-γ levels in the hypertension group, including dipper and nondipper patients, were markedly higher than those in the control group. (f) IL-4 levels in the hypertension group, especially in nondipper patients, were markedly lower than those in the control group. (g) IL-17 levels in the hypertension group, including dipper and nondipper patients, were markedly higher than those in the control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 levels in hypertensive patients with or without CAP. (a) The frequency of Th1 in the NCAP and CAP patients was markedly higher than that in the control group. (b) The frequency of Th2 in the NCAP and CAP patients was markedly lower than that in the control group. (c) The frequency of Th17 in the NCAP and CAP patients was markedly higher than that in the control group. (d) IFN-γ levels in the NCAP and CAP patients were markedly higher than that in the control group. (e) IL-4 levels in the CAP patients were markedly lower than that in the control group. (f) IL-17 levels in the NCAP and CAP patients were markedly higher than that in the control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation analysis of circulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 levels with IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 concentrations in hypertensive patients, nondipper patients, and CAP patients. (a) The frequencies of Th1 cells showed a positive correlation with IFN-γ levels in hypertensive patients. (b) The frequencies of Th2 cells showed a positive correlation with IL-4 levels in hypertensive patients. (c) The frequencies of Th17 cells showed a positive correlation with IL-17 levels in hypertensive patients. (d) The frequencies of Th1 cells showed a positive correlation with IFN-γ levels in nondippers. (e) The frequencies of Th2 cells showed a positive correlation with IL-4 levels in nondippers. (f) The frequencies of Th17 cells showed a positive correlation with IL-17 levels in nondippers. (g) The frequencies of Th1 cells showed a positive correlation with IFN-γ levels in CAP patients. (h) There were no significant correlations between the frequencies of Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in CAP patients. (i) The frequencies of Th17 cells showed a positive correlation with IL-17 levels in CAP patients.
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