Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases

doi:10.3390/nu9060555

Review

. 2017 May 28;9(6):555.

doi: 10.3390/nu9060555.

Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases

Julio Plaza-Díaz^{1

2

3}, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda^{4

5

6}, Laura Maria Vilchez-Padial⁷, Angel Gil^{8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
² Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
³ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁵ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁶ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁷ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. lauramvilchez@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
⁹ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
¹⁰ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
¹¹ CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain. agil@ugr.es.

PMID: 28555037
PMCID: PMC5490534
DOI: 10.3390/nu9060555

Review

Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases

Julio Plaza-Díaz et al. Nutrients. 2017.

. 2017 May 28;9(6):555.

doi: 10.3390/nu9060555.

Authors

Julio Plaza-Díaz^{1

2

3}, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda^{4

5

6}, Laura Maria Vilchez-Padial⁷, Angel Gil^{8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
² Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
³ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. jrplaza@ugr.es.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁵ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁶ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. fruizojeda@ugr.es.
⁷ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. lauramvilchez@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
⁹ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
¹⁰ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada 18014, Spain. agil@ugr.es.
¹¹ CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain. agil@ugr.es.

PMID: 28555037
PMCID: PMC5490534
DOI: 10.3390/nu9060555

Abstract

Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic diseases, principally due to their role in immune system modulation and the anti-inflammatory response. The present study reviewed the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on intestinal chronic diseases in in vitro, animal, and human studies, particularly in randomized clinical trials. The selected probiotics exhibit in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotic strains and cell-free supernatants reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via action that is principally mediated by toll-like receptors. Probiotic administration improved the clinical symptoms, histological alterations, and mucus production in most of the evaluated animal studies, but some results suggest that caution should be taken when administering these agents in the relapse stages of IBD. In addition, no effects on chronic enteropathies were reported. Probiotic supplementation appears to be potentially well tolerated, effective, and safe in patients with IBD, in both CD and UC. Indeed, probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum 536 improved the clinical symptoms in patients with mild to moderate active UC. Although it has been proposed that probiotics can provide benefits in certain conditions, the risks and benefits should be carefully assessed before initiating any therapy in patients with IBD. For this reason, further studies are required to understand the precise mechanism by which probiotics and synbiotics affect these diseases.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory effects; inflammatory bowel diseases; intestinal diseases; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Summary of probiotic anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal chronic diseases in different scientific approaches. DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; TNBS, 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; TLR, toll-like receptor; UC, ulcerative colitis.

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References

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1. De Moreno de LeBlanc A., LeBlanc J.G. Effect of probiotic administration on the intestinal microbiota, current knowledge and potential applications. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014;20:16518–16528. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16518. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Fontana L., Bermudez-Brito M., Plaza-Diaz J., Muñoz-Quezada S., Gil A. Sources, isolation, characterisation and evaluation of probiotics. Br. J. Nutr. 2013;109:35–50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512004011. - DOI - PubMed
1. Gibson G.R., Roberfroid M.B. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412. - PubMed
1. Ouwehand A.C., Salminen S., Isolauri E. Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;82:279–289. doi: 10.1023/A:1020620607611. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Metchnikoff E. In: The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies. 1st ed. Mitchell P.C., editor. G.P. Putnam’s Sons; New York, NY, USA: 1908.

[2] Metchnikoff E. In: The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies. 1st ed. Mitchell P.C., editor. G.P. Putnam’s Sons; New York, NY, USA: 1908.

[3] De Moreno de LeBlanc A., LeBlanc J.G. Effect of probiotic administration on the intestinal microbiota, current knowledge and potential applications. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014;20:16518–16528. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16518. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] De Moreno de LeBlanc A., LeBlanc J.G. Effect of probiotic administration on the intestinal microbiota, current knowledge and potential applications. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014;20:16518–16528. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16518. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Fontana L., Bermudez-Brito M., Plaza-Diaz J., Muñoz-Quezada S., Gil A. Sources, isolation, characterisation and evaluation of probiotics. Br. J. Nutr. 2013;109:35–50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512004011. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Fontana L., Bermudez-Brito M., Plaza-Diaz J., Muñoz-Quezada S., Gil A. Sources, isolation, characterisation and evaluation of probiotics. Br. J. Nutr. 2013;109:35–50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512004011. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Gibson G.R., Roberfroid M.B. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412. - PubMed

[8] Gibson G.R., Roberfroid M.B. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412. - PubMed

[9] Ouwehand A.C., Salminen S., Isolauri E. Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;82:279–289. doi: 10.1023/A:1020620607611. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Ouwehand A.C., Salminen S., Isolauri E. Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;82:279–289. doi: 10.1023/A:1020620607611. - DOI - PubMed

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Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases

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Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases

Authors

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Conflict of interest statement

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