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Review
. 2017 Oct:84:11-28.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.008. Epub 2017 Mar 28.

Neuronal polarization: From spatiotemporal signaling to cytoskeletal dynamics

Max Schelski  1 , Frank Bradke  2
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Free article
Review

Neuronal polarization: From spatiotemporal signaling to cytoskeletal dynamics

Max Schelski et al. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2017 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

Neuronal polarization establishes distinct molecular structures to generate a single axon and multiple dendrites. Studies over the past years indicate that this efficient separation is brought about by a network of feedback loops. Axonal growth seems to play a major role in fueling those feedback loops and thereby stabilizing neuronal polarity. Indeed, various effectors involved in feedback loops are pivotal for axonal growth by ultimately acting on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. These effectors have key roles in interconnecting actin and microtubule dynamics - a mechanism crucial to commanding the growth of axons. We propose a model connecting signaling with cytoskeletal dynamics and neurite growth to better describe the underlying processes involved in neuronal polarization. We will discuss the current views on feedback loops and highlight the current limits of our understanding.

Keywords: Axonal growth; Cytoskeleton; Feedback loops; Neuronal polarity; Signaling.

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