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. 2017 Mar 21;17(1):274.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4161-7.

Temporal distribution of gastroenteritis viruses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: seasonality of rotavirus

Nafissatou Ouedraogo  1 , Stephanie Moustapha Tomba Ngangas  2 , Isidore Juste Ouindguèta Bonkoungou  2   3 , Aissatou Bénéwendé Tiendrebeogo  2 , Kuan Abdoulaye Traore  2 , Idrissa Sanou  4   5 , Alfred Sababénédjo Traore  2 , Nicolas Barro  2
Affiliations

Temporal distribution of gastroenteritis viruses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: seasonality of rotavirus

Nafissatou Ouedraogo et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases among children and adults, and continues to cause a major problem of public health in Burkina Faso. The temporal pattern of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus and Aichivirus A was studied by examining prevalence of gastroenteritis viruses in association with meteorological variables in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Methods: Stool samples from 263 children under 5 years of age and 170 older children patients, adolescent and adults with gastroenteritis were collected in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from November 2011 to September 2012. Enteric viruses were detected using real-time or end-point (RT-) PCR. Temperature, humidity and monthly rainfall were recorded from the National Meteorological Direction. Categorical data were compared by Chi-square tests and the effect of weather variables and monthly prevalence were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient test.

Results: The prevalence of rotavirus infections was significantly higher in the dry season (Season S1) compared to the wet season (season S2) (p = 0.03) among the population of children under 5 years of age. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding other gastroenteritis viruses comparing the dry season and the wet season. Positive cases of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and sapovirus in children under 5 years of age were correlated with temperature (r = -0.68, p = 0.01; r = -0.74, p < 0.001; r = -0.68, p = 0.01; r = -0.65, p = 0.02, respectively) and only rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus were correlated with relative humidity (r = -0.61, p = 0.04; r = -0.54, p = 0.08; r = -0.51, p = 0.1 respectively). No correlation was observed with rainfall. In older children, adolescent and adults patients, rotavirus and norovirus correlated with relative humidity (r = -0.58, p = 0.05; r = 0.54, p = 0.08 respectively), but, no correlation was observed between the temperature and the rainfall.

Conclusion: This study extends knowledge on the monthly fluctuations on the prevalence of viral gastroenteritis. These results can provide valuable information necessary to alert health care providers when a period of infection in the community is likely to occur. The transmission of these viruses in Burkina Faso could depends on multiple factors including climatic variables.

Keywords: Climatic variables; Gastroenteritis; Season; Virus.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of Burkina Faso with climate areas (source National Meteorological Direction)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Variation of weather factors and samples positives for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus and aichi virus A in children less than 5 years in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from November 2011 to October 2012. a Temperature °(C), b Relative humidity (%) and c Rainfall (mm). Positives cases of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and sapovirus correlated with temperature (r = −0.68, r = −0.74, r = −0.68, r = −0.65 respectively). Rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus correlated with relative humidity (r = −0.61, r = −0.54, r = −0.51 respectively). No correlation was observed with rainfall
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Variation of weather factors and samples positives for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus and aichi virus A in older children, adolescents and adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from November 2011 to October 2012. a Temperature °(C), b Relative humidity (%) and c Rainfall (mm). Positives cases of rotavirus and norovirus correlated with relative humidity (r = −0.58, r = 0.54 respectively). No correlation was observed with temperature and rainfall
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