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Review
. 2017 Feb;17(2):112-129.
doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.134. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Mechanisms of immunomodulation by mammalian and viral decoy receptors: insights from structures

Jan Felix  1   2   3 , Savvas N Savvides  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Mechanisms of immunomodulation by mammalian and viral decoy receptors: insights from structures

Jan Felix et al. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

Immune responses are regulated by effector cytokines and chemokines that signal through cell surface receptors. Mammalian decoy receptors - which are typically soluble or inactive versions of cell surface receptors or soluble protein modules termed binding proteins - modulate and antagonize signalling by canonical effector-receptor complexes. Viruses have developed a diverse array of molecular decoys to evade host immune responses; these include viral homologues of host cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors; variants of host receptors with new functions; and novel decoy receptors that do not have host counterparts. Over the past decade, the number of known mammalian and viral decoy receptors has increased considerably, yet a comprehensive curation of the corresponding structure-mechanism relationships has not been carried out. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive resource on this topic with a view to better understanding the roles and evolutionary relationships of mammalian and viral decoy receptors, and the opportunities for leveraging their therapeutic potential.

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