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Clinical Trial
. 2016 Oct;39(8):321-8.
doi: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000138.

Immune Monitoring of Patients Treated With a Whole-Cell Melanoma Vaccine Engineered to Express 4-1BBL

Roni Engelstein  1 , Sharon Merims, Galit Eisenberg, Jonathan Cohen, Stephen Frank, Tamar Hamburger, Shoshana Frankenburg, Ilan Ron, Ruth Isacson, Tal Grenader, Hanna Steinberg, Cyrille J Cohen, Tamar Peretz, Michal Lotem
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Immune Monitoring of Patients Treated With a Whole-Cell Melanoma Vaccine Engineered to Express 4-1BBL

Roni Engelstein et al. J Immunother. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

CD8 lymphocytes are mandatory mediators of tumor regression. To enhance their specific antitumor activity, we aimed to improve a melanoma cell-based vaccine by transfecting it with 4-1BB ligand, a costimulatory and immune modulatory molecule. Thirty-four American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIB-IV patients were vaccinated with a melanoma antigen-rich cell line engineered to express HLA-A2 and 4-1BBL (M20/A2/BBL). Twelve serially recruited patients were monitored for interferon γ expression and CD107a mobilization before and after vaccination. Thirty-three patients remained alive, with an estimated mean overall survival of 26.2 months. No grade 3-4 adverse events were encountered. Immune monitoring detected an increase in circulating antimelanoma CD8 T cells in 9 of 12 patients, which were significantly stimulated by the parental melanoma, reflecting a relevant antitumor response. The results from this study show that the costimulatory 4-1BB ligand fortifies an antigen-rich melanoma cell line with enhanced antigen-specific stimulation of CD8 T cells. The use of a costimulatory molecule as part of a vaccine confers a selective increase of T-cell subsets with antimelanoma reactivity, which in some cases were characterized for their epitope specificity.

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