The Properties of Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Chromatin

doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024939

Review

. 2016 Aug 31:17:69-94.

doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024939. Epub 2016 Apr 21.

The Properties of Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Chromatin

Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg^{1

2}, Alec N Sexton^{1

2}, Matthew D Simon^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511; email: michael.rutenbergschoenberg@yale.edu , alec.sexton@yale.edu , matthew.simon@yale.edu.
² Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516.

PMID: 27147088
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024939

Review

The Properties of Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Chromatin

Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg et al. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2016.

. 2016 Aug 31:17:69-94.

doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024939. Epub 2016 Apr 21.

Authors

Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg^{1

2}, Alec N Sexton^{1

2}, Matthew D Simon^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511; email: michael.rutenbergschoenberg@yale.edu , alec.sexton@yale.edu , matthew.simon@yale.edu.
² Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516.

PMID: 27147088
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-024939

Abstract

Beyond coding for proteins, RNA molecules have well-established functions in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Less clear are the upstream roles of RNA in regulating transcription and chromatin-based processes in the nucleus. RNA is transcribed in the nucleus, so it is logical that RNA could play diverse and broad roles that would impact human physiology. Indeed, this idea is supported by well-established examples of noncoding RNAs that affect chromatin structure and function. There has been dramatic growth in studies focused on the nuclear roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although little is known about the biochemical mechanisms of these lncRNAs, there is a developing consensus regarding the challenges of defining lncRNA function and mechanism. In this review, we examine the definition, discovery, functions, and mechanisms of lncRNAs. We emphasize areas where challenges remain and where consensus among laboratories has underscored the exciting ways in which human lncRNAs may affect chromatin biology.

Keywords: Xist; genome regulation; lncRNA; roX; transcription.

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The Properties of Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Chromatin

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The Properties of Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Chromatin

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