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. 2017 Jan;10(1):271-281.
doi: 10.1038/mi.2016.38. Epub 2016 May 4.

IL-22-induced antimicrobial peptides are key determinants of mucosal vaccine-induced protection against H. pylori in mice

M Moyat  1 , H Bouzourene  2 , W Ouyang  3 , J Iovanna  4 , J-C Renauld  5 , D Velin  1
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Free article

IL-22-induced antimicrobial peptides are key determinants of mucosal vaccine-induced protection against H. pylori in mice

M Moyat et al. Mucosal Immunol. 2017 Jan.
Free article

Abstract

Despite the recent description of the mucosal vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori natural infection in a phase 3 clinical trial, the absence of immune correlates of protection slows the final development of the vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the role of interleukin (IL)-22 in mucosal vaccine-induced protection. Gastric IL-22 levels were increased in mice intranasally immunized with urease+cholera toxin and challenged with H. felis, as compared with controls. Flow cytometry analysis showed that a peak of CD4+IL-22+IL-17+ T cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa occurred in immunized mice in contrast to control mice. The inhibition of the IL-22 biological activity prevented the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection. Remarkably, anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) extracted from the stomachs of vaccinated mice, but not from the stomachs of non-immunized or immunized mice, injected with anti-IL-22 antibodies efficiently killed H. pylori in vitro. Finally, H. pylori infection in vaccinated RegIIIβ-deficient mice was not reduced as efficiently as in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that IL-22 has a critical role in vaccine-induced protection, by promoting the expression of AMPs, such as RegIIIβ, capable of killing Helicobacter. Therefore, it can be concluded that urease-specific memory Th17/Th22 cells could constitute immune correlates of vaccine protection in humans.

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