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. 2015 Dec;21(12):2178-81.
doi: 10.3201/eid2112.150814.

Pyrethroid and DDT Resistance and Organophosphate Susceptibility among Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes, Western Kenya

Christine L Wanjala, Jernard P Mbugi, Edna Ototo, Maxwell Gesuge, Yaw A Afrane, Harrysone E Atieli, Guofa Zhou, Andrew K Githeko, Guiyun Yan

Pyrethroid and DDT Resistance and Organophosphate Susceptibility among Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes, Western Kenya

Christine L Wanjala et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

We conducted standard insecticide susceptibility testing across western Kenya and found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquito has acquired high resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, patchy resistance to carbamates, but no resistance to organophosphates. Use of non-pyrethroid-based vector control tools may be preferable for malaria prevention in this region.

Keywords: Africa; Anopheles; DDT; Kenya; arabiensis; carbamate; gambiae; insecticide resistance; malaria; mosquitoes; organophosphate; pyrethroid; sensu lato; sensu stricto; susceptibility; vector-borne infections.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study sites (circles) for discerning the presence of pyrethroid and DDT resistance and organophosphate susceptibility among Anopheles spp. mosquitoes, western Kenya, 2012–2013.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mortality rates associated with various insecticides and study sites, western Kenya. A) Mortality rates associated with pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin, permethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin. In Chulaimbo, permethrin was not tested because of a lack of mosquitoes. B) Mortality rates associated with DDT (organochlorine), bendiocarb (carbamate), and malathion (organophosphate). The susceptible Kisumu strain at Kenya Medical Research Institute was used as a control. Error bars indicate 95% CIs.
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