Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Nov;169(3):1469-87.
doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01378. Epub 2015 Sep 3.

Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Plant Metabolism

Giulia Friso  1 , Klaas J van Wijk  2
Affiliations

Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Plant Metabolism

Giulia Friso et al. Plant Physiol. 2015 Nov.

Abstract

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins greatly expand proteome diversity, increase functionality, and allow for rapid responses, all at relatively low costs for the cell. PTMs play key roles in plants through their impact on signaling, gene expression, protein stability and interactions, and enzyme kinetics. Following a brief discussion of the experimental and bioinformatics challenges of PTM identification, localization, and quantification (occupancy), a concise overview is provided of the major PTMs and their (potential) functional consequences in plants, with emphasis on plant metabolism. Classic examples that illustrate the regulation of plant metabolic enzymes and pathways by PTMs and their cross talk are summarized. Recent large-scale proteomics studies mapped many PTMs to a wide range of metabolic functions. Unraveling of the PTM code, i.e. a predictive understanding of the (combinatorial) consequences of PTMs, is needed to convert this growing wealth of data into an understanding of plant metabolic regulation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Examples of PTMs regulating metabolic enzymes and pathways. A, Regulation of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in C4 plants such as maize. The regulation of PEPC kinases and phosphatase is still unknown, but it may involve additional PTMs. The cellular concentration of PEPC kinase is kept very low through proteasomal degradation. PEP, Phosphoenolpyruvate. B, Regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) by (de)phosphorylation through a PDH kinase and phosphatase. The PDH kinase is allosterically inhibited by pyruvate and stimulated by ammonia (produced through photorespiration), ensuring cross talk between PDH activity and the cellular metabolic state. C, Regulation of heterotetrameric ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) by NADP-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) and thioredoxin. AGPase has two large and two small subunits; thioredoxin can reduce the disulfide bond (S-S) between the two small subunits, resulting in activation of the enzyme. In this activated state, AGPase is allosterically inhibited by inorganic phosphate (Pi) and stimulated by 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3-PGA), ensuring cross-talk between AGPase activity and the cellular metabolic state. D, Sequential PTMs control the adaptive response of plants to hypoxia through enzymatic oxygen-dependent Cys PTMs (sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid) of the transcriptional factor ERF-VII. Nitric oxide (NO) can also contribute to the Cys oxidation. The modified Cys is the N terminus of ERF-VII. RC, Arg-Cys.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Agetsuma M, Furumoto T, Yanagisawa S, Izui K (2005) The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in rapid degradation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase for C4 photosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol 46: 389–398 - PubMed
    1. Akter S, Huang J, Waszczak C, Jacques S, Gevaert K, Van Breusegem F, Messens J (2015) Cysteines under ROS attack in plants: a proteomics view. J Exp Bot 66: 2935–2944 - PubMed
    1. Alban C, Tardif M, Mininno M, Brugière S, Gilgen A, Ma S, Mazzoleni M, Gigarel O, Martin-Laffon J, Ferro M, et al. (2014) Uncovering the protein lysine and arginine methylation network in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. PLoS One 9: e95512. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Altelaar AF, Munoz J, Heck AJ (2013) Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of proteome dynamics. Nat Rev Genet 14: 35–48 - PubMed
    1. Bailey KJ, Gray JE, Walker RP, Leegood RC (2007) Coordinate regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by light and CO2 during C4 photosynthesis. Plant Physiol 144: 479–486 - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources