Gene expression. MicroRNA control of protein expression noise

doi:10.1126/science.aaa1738

. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):128-32.

doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1738.

Gene expression. MicroRNA control of protein expression noise

Jörn M Schmiedel¹, Sandy L Klemm², Yannan Zheng³, Apratim Sahay³, Nils Blüthgen⁴, Debora S Marks⁵, Alexander van Oudenaarden⁶

Affiliations

¹ Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
² Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
³ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
⁴ Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.
⁵ Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.
⁶ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.

PMID: 25838385
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1738

Gene expression. MicroRNA control of protein expression noise

Jörn M Schmiedel et al. Science. 2015.

. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):128-32.

doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1738.

Authors

Jörn M Schmiedel¹, Sandy L Klemm², Yannan Zheng³, Apratim Sahay³, Nils Blüthgen⁴, Debora S Marks⁵, Alexander van Oudenaarden⁶

Affiliations

¹ Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
² Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
³ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
⁴ Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.
⁵ Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.
⁶ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.

PMID: 25838385
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1738

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the expression of many genes in metazoans by accelerating messenger RNA degradation and inhibiting translation, thereby reducing the level of protein. However, miRNAs only slightly reduce the mean expression of most targeted proteins, leading to speculation about their role in the variability, or noise, of protein expression. We used mathematical modeling and single-cell reporter assays to show that miRNAs, in conjunction with increased transcription, decrease protein expression noise for lowly expressed genes but increase noise for highly expressed genes. Genes that are regulated by multiple miRNAs show more-pronounced noise reduction. We estimate that hundreds of (lowly expressed) genes in mouse embryonic stem cells have reduced noise due to substantial miRNA regulation. Our findings suggest that miRNAs confer precision to protein expression and thus offer plausible explanations for the commonly observed combinatorial targeting of endogenous genes by multiple miRNAs, as well as the preferential targeting of lowly expressed genes.

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Gene expression. MicroRNAs silence the noisy genome.
Hoffman Y, Pilpel Y. Hoffman Y, et al. Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):41-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9841. Science. 2015. PMID: 25838367 No abstract available.
GENE EXPRESSION. Single-cell variability guided by microRNAs.
Garg S, Sharp PA. Garg S, et al. Science. 2016 Jun 17;352(6292):1390-1. doi: 10.1126/science.aag1097. Science. 2016. PMID: 27313022 No abstract available.

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Gene expression. MicroRNA control of protein expression noise

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